All Demonstrations

Demonstration	Materials	Difficulty	Safety	Categories	Summary
Water Cycle in a Bag	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Water Cycle, Weather and Climate	This activity models the water cycle using a sealed plastic bag, water, and sunlight. Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation can be observed as water droplets form and move inside the bag.
Bubbling Lava Lamp	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Water and Solubility, Density and Buoyancy	Two versions of a homemade lava lamp can be created using common household materials. In one, baking soda and vinegar react to produce bubbles that carry colored water through oil. In the other, antacid tablets release carbon dioxide bubbles that produce the same effect.
Cleaning Water With Flocculation	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Water and Solubility, Pollution and Conservation	Students clean real pond or river water using two flocculants, aluminum sulfate and a polymer clarifier. They compare how stirring and lowering pH with lemon juice affect how fast particles clump and settle.
The Lost Volume Demonstration	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Water and Solubility	Equal volumes of water and ethyl alcohol do not add up to their combined total volume when mixed. Instead, the mixture shows a reduced volume due to molecular interactions between water and alcohol.
Oil and Water Emulsification	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Water and Solubility	Oil and water normally separate into layers, but adding soap or detergent allows them to mix temporarily. This demonstrates how emulsifiers work by suspending oil droplets in water.
Soil Field Capacity	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Water and Solubility, Soil and Erosion	Different soil types are tested for field capacity by adding water and measuring how much each soil retains after drainage, showing how soil properties affect water holding capacity.
Van de Graaff and Soap Bubbles	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Van de Graaff Generator	Soap bubbles blown toward a Van de Graaff generator are first attracted by induction, then repelled after they acquire charge.
Van de Graaff Candle	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Van de Graaff Generator	A candle placed near the dome of a Van de Graaff generator responds to the electric field by deflecting its flame.
Van de Graaff Confetti	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Van de Graaff Generator	When confetti is placed on the dome of a Van de Graaff generator, the pieces quickly become charged and repel each other. This causes the confetti to jump, scatter, and sometimes hover above the dome, vividly demonstrating that like charges repel.
Van de Graaff Flying Ball and Silver Snake	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Van de Graaff Generator	A metallized ball or a metallic ribbon (the "silver snake") placed near the dome of a Van de Graaff generator demonstrates electrostatic induction and repulsion. The ball, once charged, floats at a distance from the dome, while the ribbon repeatedly touches and recoils, creating a dynamic “dancing” effect.
Van de Graaff Hair Raising	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Van de Graaff Generator	When a person touches the dome of a Van de Graaff generator while standing on an insulator, the charge spreads over their body and onto their hair. Each hair strand, carrying the same type of charge, repels the others, causing the hair to stand on end.
Van de Graaff Human Chain	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Van de Graaff Generator	When people form a chain holding hands, with one person touching the dome of a Van de Graaff generator, the charge spreads through every person in the chain. If the last person in the line brings their free hand near a grounded object, all people in the chain receive a shock.
Van de Graaff Levitating Foil	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Van de Graaff Generator	Thin strips of aluminum foil can be levitated and made to spin near the charged dome of a Van de Graaff generator. The electrostatic field induces a dipole in the strip, while ionic wind from the generator provides lift and rotation, creating a dramatic and attention-getting demonstration.
Van de Graaff Sparks	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Van de Graaff Generator	A Van de Graaff generator builds up static electric charge on its dome using a moving belt. When a grounded conducting rod is brought close, sparks jump between the rod and the dome. These sparks are similar to miniature lightning bolts and are accompanied by cracking sounds caused by rapidly expanding heated air.
Endothermic and Exothermic Dissolving	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Thermochemistry, Water and Solubility	This demonstration compares two reactions: one that absorbs heat from the surroundings (endothermic) and one that releases heat (exothermic). Students can observe changes in temperature and feel whether the container becomes hot or cold.
Learning Curves in Sports Skills	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	The Brain and Nerves, Sports Science	Students practice a simple sport-related skill in repeated blocks and quantify performance over time to reveal a learning curve (better accuracy, faster times, reduced variability).
Short-Term Memory	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	The Brain and Nerves, Psychology	Participants try to memorize and recall a list of unrelated words within a short time frame, demonstrating the limits of short-term memory capacity. They then attempt a second list organized into categories, showing how chunking strategies can improve recall.
Simple and Choice Reaction Time Tasks	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	The Brain and Nerves, Psychology	This demonstration compares simple reaction time (SRT) tasks, where there is one stimulus and one response, with choice reaction time (CRT) tasks, where multiple stimuli each require different responses. It shows how reaction time increases with task complexity, illustrating Hick’s law and the speed-accuracy trade-off.
The Spacing Effect	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	The Brain and Nerves, Psychology	Students hear words presented twice either back to back (massed) or separated by other items (distributed), then attempt free recall. Class results typically show better recall for distributed items, illustrating the spacing effect and motivating distributed study habits.
Changing Albedo	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	The Atmosphere, Weather and Climate	Students test how different surfaces (soil, snow, and water) heat up under light to explore the role of albedo. By comparing temperature changes, they learn how albedo influences warming and melting in Earth's systems.
Handgrip Strength Test	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sports Science	A handgrip dynamometer is squeezed as hard as possible to measure the maximum isometric force of the hand and forearm. Results from several trials (often both hands) provide a simple indicator of upper-limb strength and general strength status.
Harvard Step Test	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Sports Science	The Harvard Step Test is a simple fitness assessment that measures cardiovascular endurance and predicts VO2 max. Participants step at a steady pace onto a raised platform for up to five minutes, and recovery heart rates are used to calculate a fitness index.
Alarm Clock in Vacuum - Bell Jar	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Sound	A ringing bell inside a bell jar becomes quieter as air is removed with a vacuum pump, eventually falling silent when no air remains. When air is let back in, the sound returns.
Chladni Plates	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Sound	When a flat metal plate is vibrated, sand sprinkled on its surface collects at the nodal lines where no motion occurs. This creates symmetrical patterns, known as Chladni figures, which reveal the modes of vibration of the plate.
Cornstarch Dancing on a Speaker	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound	A mixture of cornstarch and water, known as oobleck, is placed on top of a speaker. When sound waves vibrate the speaker cone, the non-Newtonian fluid forms strange, moving shapes, making sound waves visible.
How Heat Sings	★★★	★★★	★★☆	Sound	When a PVC pipe is placed over a propane torch flame, the heated air resonates within the tube, producing a tone. The pitch depends on the length of the pipe, with longer tubes producing lower tones.
Measuring the Speed of Sound with a Drum	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound, Measurement and Units	One student beats a drum at a steady rate while others back away until the strike is seen at the same instant the previous beat is heard. Using the beat period and the measured distance at that point, students estimate the speed of sound.
Music Box on Bench	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound	A small music box is played while held in the air, producing a faint sound. When pressed against a solid surface (like a bench), that surface vibrates, amplifying the sound and demonstrating forced vibration and resonance.
Musical Bottles	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound	Blowing across the tops of bottles with varying water levels produces musical notes of different pitches. The pitch depends on the amount of air inside the bottle, with less air producing higher frequencies.
Singing Crystal Glass	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound	When the rim of a crystal wine glass is rubbed with a wet finger, it vibrates at a resonant frequency and produces a musical tone. This experiment investigates how the shape of a wine glass and the amount of liquid it contains influence the pitch of the sound produced.
Sound Localization	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound, Senses and Perception	Students investigate how two ears help the brain locate where a sound comes from by comparing the tiny time and loudness differences that reach each ear. Using a stethoscope headset connected to tubing, one partner taps at different positions while the listener identifies whether the sound is from the left or right.
String Telephone	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound	A string telephone demonstrates how sound vibrations can travel through a medium. When you speak into one cup, vibrations move through the string and are amplified in the second cup, allowing a friend to hear your voice.
Sympathetic Resonance with Tuning Forks	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound, Global Systems	When one tuning fork is struck and placed near another of the same frequency, the second fork begins to vibrate without being struck.
Tuning Fork in Water	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound	A vibrating tuning fork is struck and then placed in water. The vibrations disturb the water, producing visible ripples and sometimes splashes. This shows how sound is caused by vibrations and how energy can transfer between different media.
Tuning Fork on Bench	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound	A vibrating tuning fork produces a faint sound when held in the air. When placed on a solid bench, the sound becomes much louder because the vibrations are transferred to the bench, which acts as a resonator and amplifies the sound.
Tuning Forks Beats	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Sound	Two sound sources with slightly different frequencies produce alternating loud and soft sounds called "beats." The beat frequency equals the difference between the two frequencies.
Virtual Oscilloscope	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Sound	This demonstration introduces students to a virtual oscilloscope that can be run in a web browser or on a phone. Students can visualize sound waves from a microphone or signals in a simple circuit simulation, learning how amplitude and frequency appear on an oscilloscope screen.
Visualizing Sound Waves with an Oscilloscope	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Sound	An oscilloscope connected to a signal generator and speaker allows sound waves to be seen as patterns on a screen. By adjusting frequency and amplitude, students can explore how pitch and loudness correspond to wave characteristics.
Rainfall Simulator	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Soil and Erosion, Water Cycle	This demonstration uses a rainfall simulator to show how different types of land use - such as natural vegetation, agricultural land, and urban surfaces - affect water runoff and water quality. By comparing runoff and infiltration between surfaces, students learn how human activities influence water pollution and watershed health.
Soil Analysis	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Soil and Erosion, Forensics	Students investigate a “cold case” by analyzing soil samples from suspects and a crime scene. Using observations of color, texture, structure, and pH, they determine which suspect’s soil matches the evidence.
Soil Erosion Model	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Soil and Erosion, Sustainability	Students build a simple erosion model using soil-filled bottles to investigate how ground cover (grass or mulch) reduces soil erosion compared to bare soil. By simulating rainfall, they observe differences in water clarity and soil loss, linking soil conservation to water quality and agriculture.
The Jar Test: Soil Texture Analysis	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Soil and Erosion	The jar test is a simple soil analysis technique that helps determine the proportions of sand, silt, and clay in a soil sample. By shaking soil with water and allowing the particles to settle, you can visually analyze soil texture and apply the results to gardening, farming, or permaculture practices.
Bicycle Gears	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	Bicycle gears are an application of the wheel and axle combined with levers. Changing gears adjusts the mechanical advantage, making pedaling easier for uphill climbs or faster for flat ground. The gear system demonstrates how force and distance trade off to achieve different outcomes.
Bicycle Wheel Gyroscope	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	A spinning bicycle wheel acts as a gyroscope. When you try to tilt the spinning wheel, it resists the change, demonstrating angular momentum and conservation of angular momentum.
Door Knobs and Handles	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	A classroom door knob or handle demonstrates the lever principle. When force is applied to the handle or knob, it rotates the central spindle (fulcrum), which retracts the latch (load), allowing the door to open with minimal effort.
Gear Ratios	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	Gears are wheels with teeth that fit together to transfer motion, change speed, or change direction. By connecting large and small gears, you can build a gear train to explore how gears make work easier.
Third Class Levers in the Human Arm	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	This activity demonstrates how the human forearm works as a third-class lever. Students test lifting a bucket of sand with their arm and then create a cardboard model to visualize how muscles act as input forces.
Inclined Plane Spring Scale	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	Use a spring scale to compare the effort required to lift a 1000g mass straight up versus pulling it along an inclined plane at different angles. Students observe that a gentler slope reduces the required force, illustrating mechanical advantage and the tradeoff between force and distance.
Levers in Action	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	Students explore how different types of levers work by using everyday objects such as scissors, tweezers, a nutcracker, a stapler, and a teaspoon. They identify the positions of load, effort, and fulcrum, and classify the levers as first, second, or third class, depending on their setup.
Screws - A Ramp Around a Rod	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	A screw is a simple machine made by wrapping an inclined plane (a ramp) around a central rod. This design allows a small force applied over a long distance to be converted into a larger force, which can hold objects together or lift them. Everyday examples include screws, bolts, jar lids, and spiral staircases.
Second Class Levers	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	Students use a ruler, a stack of books, and a finger fulcrum to model a class two lever. By placing a load at different points on the lever, they observe how load position affects the effort required to lift it.
Seesaw Scales	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	Students build a simple seesaw model to explore how levers work. By balancing weights at different distances from a pivot, they learn how effort and load relate through the principle of leverage.
Simple and Compound Pulleys	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	This demonstration shows the difference between type 1 (fixed), type 2 (movable), and type 3 (compound) pulleys. Using low-friction pulleys, string, and measured masses, students observe how pulleys can reduce the input force required to lift weights and compare the forces using a force sensor.
Simple Machines in a Zipper	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	A zipper demonstrates several simple machines working together. The zipper teeth act as wedges (inclined planes), while the zipper pull functions as a lever. The interlocking action of the wedges secures the zipper closed, and the lever provides the force to open or close it.
Simple Pully System	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	This demonstration shows how to build a simple pulley using a spool, cardboard, and string to lift small objects. It introduces the concept of mechanical advantage and how pulleys reduce effort or change the direction of force.
Wedges	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Simple Machines	A variety of ways to demonstrate the wedge, including hammering nails, using an axe and dragging different shaped blocks through rice
Froth Flotation	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Separating Mixtures, Mining and Resources	Students simulate the froth flotation process used in mining to separate valuable minerals from waste rock. By adding water, kerosene, and detergent to a mixture of sand and iron filings, they observe how bubbles can help separate materials.
Homemade Water Purifier Model	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Separating Mixtures, Water and Solubility, Pollution and Conservation, Sustainability, Water Cycle	Students build a simple water filter using a cut plastic bottle and layers of materials like sand, gravel, cotton, and activated charcoal. The experiment shows how filters remove impurities from dirty water, though the filtered water is not safe to drink.
Leaf Chromatography	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Separating Mixtures, Plants, Respiration and Photosynthesis	Chromatography is used to separate pigments in green leaves. By dissolving leaf pigments in alcohol and drawing them up filter paper, students can see hidden colors like carotenoids and anthocyanins that are usually masked by chlorophyll.
Pen Ink Chromatography	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Separating Mixtures, Forensics	Use simple paper chromatography to separate the color components in fountain pen inks. A small ink line on chromatography paper or paper towel is developed with water so the dissolved dyes travel different distances and reveal hidden color blends.
Strawberry DNA Extraction	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Separating Mixtures, Cells and Microscopes, Genetics and DNA, Forensics	By crushing strawberries and treating them with detergent, salt, and alcohol, students can extract visible strands of DNA. The detergent breaks open the cells, salt keeps proteins separate, and alcohol causes DNA to clump so it can be seen with the naked eye.
Change Blindness	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, Psychology	This demonstration presents two nearly identical images that alternate with one small change between them. Observers often take a long time to notice the difference, highlighting the limits of visual attention and the phenomenon known as change blindness.
Dropping Ruler Reaction Time	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, The Brain and Nerves, Sports Science	Students test their reaction speed by trying to catch a falling ruler as quickly as possible. The activity demonstrates how the nervous system processes information from the eyes to the brain and then to the muscles to produce a response.
Ebbinghaus Illusion	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception	The Ebbinghaus Illusion shows how surrounding context changes our perception of size. Two identical central circles appear different in size when one is surrounded by larger circles and the other by smaller circles.
Inattentional Blindness	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, Psychology	Inattentional blindness occurs when a person fails to notice something in plain sight because their attention is focused on another task. This demonstrates how limited attentional control can cause us to miss significant details in our environment.
Learning New Skills Mirror Maze	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, The Brain and Nerves, Psychology, Sports Science	In this activity, participants trace a star shape while only viewing their hand’s reflection in a mirror. The task is repeated across multiple trials and days, demonstrating motor learning, memory, and adaptation as performance improves over time.
Ponzo Illusion	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception	The Ponzo Illusion demonstrates how our perception of size is influenced by background context. Two identical horizontal lines appear different in length when placed between converging lines that mimic perspective, with the top line seeming longer.
Reaction Time Under Fatigue	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, Sports Science	Students measure their reaction time before and after an induced fatigue condition and compare changes in average reaction time and variability. The class explores how mental or physical fatigue influences response speed and consistency.
Rubber Hand Illusion	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Senses and Perception, Psychology	Students experience how the brain can be tricked into believing that a fake hand is their own. By synchronously stroking a hidden real hand and a visible fake hand, vision overrides touch and creates the illusion that the fake hand belongs to the participant.
Serial Position Effect	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, Psychology	This demonstration shows that people recall items at the beginning and end of a sequence better than items in the middle. It illustrates how primacy and recency shape memory when information is presented in order.
Stroop Effect	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, The Brain and Nerves, Psychology	The Stroop Effect is a demonstration of how conflicting information from reading and color recognition interferes with response time. When the name of a color is printed in a different color ink, people take longer to identify the ink color than to read the word itself.
Taste and Smell Connection	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception	This activity demonstrates how smell influences our sense of taste. By holding the nose while eating candy, participants notice that flavors become muted and difficult to identify until scent molecules reach the olfactory system.
The McGurk Effect	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, The Brain and Nerves, Psychology	The McGurk effect occurs when conflicting visual and auditory cues lead the brain to misinterpret what sound is being heard. By combining mismatched audio and video of a spoken word, students can observe how visual information influences auditory perception.
Two Point Discrimination	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, The Brain and Nerves	Students test how well different areas of the body can distinguish between one and two points of touch using a simple two-point discrimination device. The activity demonstrates the uneven distribution of touch receptors across the skin and why some areas are more sensitive than others.
Visual and Auditory Reaction Time	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Senses and Perception, The Brain and Nerves	Students measure and compare their visual and auditory reaction times by catching a falling meter stick, analyzing how quickly they respond to different types of stimuli. The experiment highlights how the nervous system detects, processes, and responds to environmental signals.
Chemical Weathering	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Rocks, Soil and Erosion	This demonstration shows how acid can chemically weather sedimentary rocks. Vinegar simulates acid rain reacting with chalk or limestone, representing how minerals in rocks break down and form new materials.
Cracking Apart	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Rocks	Granite chips are heated in a Bunsen flame until glowing and then rapidly cooled in cold water, simulating the physical weathering of rocks caused by extreme temperature changes in desert environments.
Freeze Thaw Weathering	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Rocks, Soil and Erosion	This demonstration models freeze–thaw (ice wedging) weathering using water-saturated chalk or sandstone that is repeatedly frozen and warmed. Expansion of freezing water inside the porous chalk weakens it until it cracks and breaks, simulating how rocks fracture in nature.
Wind Erosion	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Rocks, Soil and Erosion	This activity demonstrates how wind erosion moves sediments and how variables such as soil moisture, particle size, and protective coverings affect the rate and extent of erosion. A hair dryer simulates wind blowing across different soil conditions.
Pollination Role Play	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Reproduction	Students act out the process of pollination and fertilization by taking on the roles of flower parts and a bee. Through role play, they learn how pollen is transferred from one flower to another, leading to fertilization.
Potato Catalase Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Reaction Rate, Enzymes and Digestion, Food Science and Nutrition	Students observe how the enzyme catalase in potato accelerates the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. By comparing room-temperature, boiled, and frozen potato, they explore how temperature affects enzyme activity.
Alka Seltzer Surface Area	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Reaction Rate	Students investigate how the surface area of a solid affects the rate of a chemical reaction by comparing how long it takes whole, broken, and powdered Alka-Seltzer tablets to dissolve in water.
Asch Conformity Experiment	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Psychology	This experiment explores how individuals may conform to group pressure, even when they know the group’s answer is incorrect. By recreating scenarios similar to Solomon Asch’s famous studies, participants can observe how social influence impacts decision-making.
False Memories	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Psychology	In this activity, participants listen to a list of related words and try to recall them from memory. Many participants will mistakenly recall a word that was not actually on the list, demonstrating how false memories can form through associations.
Milgram's Obedience to Authority Experiment	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Psychology	Students are given a series of increasingly unusual instructions during a normal class review. By observing who complies and who resists, the demonstration models the principles of Stanley Milgram’s obedience to authority experiment, which showed that people often follow questionable orders when they come from an authority figure.
Pavlov in the Classroom	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Psychology	This demonstration shows how a neutral classroom cue (for example, a chime or clap pattern) can become a conditioned stimulus that elicits a predictable student response after repeated pairings with an instruction or routine. It connects Pavlov’s classical conditioning to practical classroom management by highlighting acquisition, extinction, and generalization.
The Bystander Effect	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Psychology	Students work in pairs to conduct a real-world field study on helping behavior. One student enacts a simple scenario of needing help, while the other records observer responses. The experiment explores the bystander effect, in which the likelihood of help decreases as the number of bystanders increases.
Air Pressure Breaks a Ruler	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Pressure and Fluids, The Atmosphere, Science Shows	A ruler placed on the edge of a table with covered by a piece of paper can be broken by a swift strike.
Bernoulli’s Principle Blowing Up Bag	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Pressure and Fluids, The Atmosphere	A long plastic bag is inflated with a single quick breath. The fast jet of air lowers pressure at the mouth of the bag and sucks in surrounding air, so room air rushes in with your breath - an application of Bernoulli’s principle.
Magdeburg Hemispheres with Suction Cups	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Pressure and Fluids	Two suction cups are pressed together to create a low-pressure cavity between them. The higher outside air pressure pushes the cups together so strongly that students find it difficult to pull them apart, illustrating how pressure differences create large forces.
Make a Barometer	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Pressure and Fluids, Weather and Climate	A simple homemade barometer can be made using a balloon, a jar, and a straw to measure changes in air pressure, allowing students to observe weather patterns and make basic predictions.
Make a Vacuum Cleaner	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Pressure and Fluids	A simple vacuum cleaner model is built using a plastic bottle, a motor, and basic craft materials. A propeller powered by a motor creates suction that pulls in small debris, showing how air pressure and airflow work in real vacuum cleaners.
Ping Pong Funnel Blow	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Pressure and Fluids	When a ping pong ball is placed inside a funnel and air is blown through it, the ball remains held in the funnel rather than being blown away. This demonstrates how differences in air pressure can keep the ball in place even when the funnel is inverted.
Standing on Balloons Without Popping	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Pressure and Fluids, Science Shows	A student standing on a single balloon will pop it, but standing on a board supported by many partially inflated balloons spreads their weight and allows the balloons to hold without bursting.
Tornado in a Bottle	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Pressure and Fluids, Weather and Climate	This classic experiment demonstrates how tornadoes form by swirling water between two connected bottles. Adding food coloring, glitter, or small objects makes the tornado more visible and models debris caught in real tornado winds.
Water Bottle Pressure Demo	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Pressure and Fluids	By making holes at different heights in a water-filled bottle, students can observe that water squirts out more strongly from the lower holes, demonstrating that pressure increases with depth.
Instant Snow Polymer	★★★	★☆☆	★★☆	Polymers, Thermochemistry, Water and Solubility	A small amount of instant snow polymer rapidly absorbs water and swells to many times its original volume, creating fluffy “snow and causing a temperature change.
Needle Through A Balloon	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Polymers	A balloon can be pierced with a needle without popping if the balloon is reinforced with clear tape. This works because the tape holds the stretched polymer molecules together, preventing the balloon from bursting.
Distribution of Earth’s Water	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Pollution and Conservation, Sustainability, Water Cycle	Cups and measured amounts of water are used to visually represent how much of Earth’s water is salt water compared to fresh water, and how the fresh water is further divided among glaciers, groundwater, and surface water.
Candy Bar Plate Tectonics	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plate Tectonics	A layered candy bar models Earth’s brittle crust over a softer mantle. By cracking the chocolate surface and applying compression, tension, and shearing, students observe faulting and plate-boundary behaviors.
Crayons Rock Cycle	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Plate Tectonics, Rocks	Students use crayon shavings to model the rock cycle by forming sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. Heat, pressure, and cooling are simulated to show how rocks change form over time.
Earthquake Shake Table	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plate Tectonics	Students design and build model “buildings” from toothpicks and mini marshmallows, then test them on a pan of Jell-O/jelly that simulates shaking ground. By iterating their designs, they discover features (for example, cross-bracing, wide bases, tapered shapes) that improve earthquake performance.
Fold Mountains With Towels	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plate Tectonics	Stacked towels are used to represent rock layers. Pushing the stack from opposite sides compresses the layers into folds and ridges, modeling how converging tectonic plates create fold mountains and valleys near faults.
Gelatin Volcano Model	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Plate Tectonics, Rocks	A cup of gelatin represents country rock while pudding, yogurt, or sauce injected into it simulates magma. As the “magma” intrudes and erupts, the activity models subsurface magmatism, intrusive rock formations, and surface volcanism.
Lava Flow Races	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plate Tectonics, Rocks	Students simulate volcanic lava flows using golden syrup to represent liquid lava. By adding sprinkles (crystals) and marshmallows (rock fragments), they investigate how cooling and crystal formation increase lava’s viscosity and slow its movement.
Modelling Faults with Layered Clay	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plate Tectonics	Clay layers are stacked and cut to represent the Earth’s crust along a fault line. By pushing on the edges, the clay buckles and slips, showing how earthquakes occur along faults.
Seafloor Spreading Model	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plate Tectonics, Rocks	Students build a paper model to demonstrate how new ocean crust forms at mid-ocean ridges through seafloor spreading and is consumed at ocean trenches, helping visualize the cycle of crust creation and destruction.
Simulating a Tsunami	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Plate Tectonics, Weather and Climate	A clear Lucite tank is constructed with a hinged flap to simulate undersea disturbances that generate tsunamis. By raising and lowering the flap, waves are created that move toward a model beach, allowing observation of how tsunamis propagate and impact coastal areas.
Soil Liquefaction and Earthquakes	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plate Tectonics, Soil and Erosion	Students investigate how different soil types - sand, peat, and topsoil - respond to shaking when saturated with water. By placing a model “house” on each soil type and simulating earthquake motion, they observe liquefaction effects and determine which soils provide the most stability.
Asexual Propagation in Plants	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plants, Reproduction	Students learn about asexual plant propagation by taking cuttings from stock plants, rooting them in water or soil, and comparing their growth. The activity demonstrates how new plants can be cloned from parent plants without seeds.
Bubbling Plants: Quantifying Photosynthesis	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Plants, Respiration and Photosynthesis	Students place Elodea in baking-soda water and count gas bubbles produced in low light and bright light for fixed time intervals. Comparing bubble counts provides an indirect, simple measure of photosynthesis under different light intensities.
Exploding Seed Pod Model	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plants, Reproduction	In this activity, students build a model of an exploding seed pod using balloons filled with bird seed. When the balloon is popped, the seeds scatter, simulating how plants use mechanical adaptations to disperse seeds away from the parent plant.
Factors Affecting Seed Germination	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plants	Use a clear jar with damp paper towels and common bean seeds to test how water, temperature, light, and air (oxygen) affect germination. Students set up controlled comparisons and record when and how well seeds sprout.
Fruit Dissection	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Plants, Reproduction	By dissecting a variety of fruits, students can explore their internal and external structures, recognize similarities among them, and connect these observations to plant reproduction and their origins as flowers.
Gravitropism in Seedling Stalks	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plants	In this demonstration, seedling stalks (hypocotyls) are placed horizontally in dark containers, and within about an hour they begin to bend upward, showing negative gravitropism. This illustrates how plants sense gravity and redirect growth through hormonal signaling.
Leaf Disk Photosynthesis	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Plants, Respiration and Photosynthesis	In this investigation, leaf disks are vacuum-infiltrated with a baking soda solution so they sink. When exposed to light, oxygen from photosynthesis causes the disks to float, and the time until half of them float (ET50) indicates the photosynthesis rate.
Measuring Oxygen Use by Germinating Seeds	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Plants, Respiration and Photosynthesis	Germinating seeds use oxygen and release carbon dioxide during respiration. Using a respirometer with limewater and detergent, oxygen consumption can be measured by observing the movement of a liquid drop inside a sealed tube.
Observing Plant Transpiration	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plants, Water Cycle	This demonstration shows how plants release water vapor through their leaves in a process called transpiration. By sealing leaves inside a plastic bag and comparing it with a control bag, students can observe condensation forming as water vapor escapes from stomata and condenses on the bag’s surface.
Phototropism Plant Light Maze	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plants	In this activity, students investigate phototropism - the ability of plants to grow toward light, by designing a shoebox maze with obstacles. A sprouting bean plant is placed inside, and students observe whether it can bend and grow around barriers to reach a light source. This experiment demonstrates how plants use light for photosynthesis and adapt their growth to their environment.
Seed Dispersal	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Plants, Reproduction	This experiment uses real seeds and household items to model four main methods of seed dispersal: wind, water, animals, and mechanical bursting. Students test how different seeds travel and connect adaptations to plant survival strategies.
Test for Starch in Leaves	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Plants, Respiration and Photosynthesis	Leaves from a plant kept in light and one kept in darkness are boiled briefly, decolorized in hot ethyl alcohol, and stained with iodine. A blue-black color indicates starch, showing that photosynthesis in light produced stored carbohydrate.
Boiling Water at Room Temperature	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Particles and States of Matter, Pressure and Fluids	By pulling back the plunger on a water-filled syringe with the tip sealed, the pressure inside is reduced. This causes the water to boil at room temperature, demonstrating how boiling depends on pressure as well as temperature.
Boiling Water in a Vacuum Chamber	★★★	★★★	★★★	Particles and States of Matter, Pressure and Fluids	When water is placed in a vacuum chamber and the air is pumped out, the reduced external pressure lowers the boiling point. The water boils at room temperature, and because the energy for vaporization comes from the liquid itself, the remaining water cools noticeably.
Cloud in a Bottle	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Particles and States of Matter, Water Cycle, Weather and Climate	This demonstration shows how changes in pressure and temperature can create visible clouds. When air inside a sealed bottle containing rubbing alcohol is compressed and then suddenly released, the vapor condenses into tiny suspended droplets, forming a cloud.
Comparing Evaporation Rates	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Particles and States of Matter, Heat	This demonstration shows how different liquids evaporate at different rates by measuring their temperature changes during evaporation. Students connect differences in evaporation rates to molecular structure and intermolecular forces using molecular models.
Evaporative Cooling with Liquids	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Particles and States of Matter, Heat, Senses and Perception	This activity demonstrates how evaporation causes cooling by comparing how water and rubbing alcohol feel when placed on the skin. As the liquids evaporate, they remove heat from the surface, showing how sweating helps regulate body temperature.
Freeze a Beaker to a Board	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Particles and States of Matter, Thermochemistry, Heat	When ammonium nitrate and barium hydroxide are mixed, they undergo a strongly endothermic reaction that absorbs heat, lowering the temperature to around –25 °C to –30 °C. The beaker becomes so cold that water freezes, bonding the beaker to the wooden block beneath it.
Freezing Flowers With Dry Ice and Alcohol	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Particles and States of Matter, Dry Ice, Science Shows	A mixture of dry ice and isopropyl alcohol creates a very cold liquid at around -90 °C, which can instantly freeze flowers, candy, or fruit, making them brittle and easy to shatter.
Hot Water Condensation	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Particles and States of Matter, Water Cycle	This experiment demonstrates condensation, a key stage in the water cycle. By placing an upside-down cup with an ice cube over a cup of hot water, students can observe how water vapor cools and condenses into liquid droplets, similar to how clouds form in the atmosphere.
Light a Match With Superheated Steam	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Particles and States of Matter, Heat	Steam produced at atmospheric pressure is passed through heated copper tubing to become superheated, reaching several hundred degrees Celsius. The superheated steam demonstrates surprising effects when it comes into contact with paper and matches.
Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Particles and States of Matter, Global Systems, Weather and Climate	This experiment shows the difference between melting sea ice and melting land ice. Sea ice melts without raising water levels, while land ice melting adds extra water and raises sea levels.
Microwaving Grapes to Create Plasma	★☆☆	★★☆	★★★	Particles and States of Matter, Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Energy	When two grapes slices are microwaved while touching, the microwave energy concentrates at their point of contact, creating an intense electric field strong enough to strip electrons from atoms. This ionizes the material and produces glowing plasma inside the microwave.
Smelly Balloons	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Particles and States of Matter, Cells and Microscopes, Senses and Perception	Students place small amounts of scented liquids inside latex balloons, inflate them, and identify the scent over time. The activity models diffusion across a barrier and introduces terms like concentration gradient, semi-permeable membrane, and equilibrium.
Sublimation of Iodine	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Particles and States of Matter	Elemental iodine can be heated to show sublimation, where it changes directly from a solid to a purple vapor and then recrystallizes on a cooled surface without passing through a liquid phase.
Sublimation of Naphthalene	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Particles and States of Matter	A mixture of impure naphthalene and sand is heated to demonstrate sublimation. Naphthalene sublimes directly from solid to vapor and recrystallizes on a cooled surface, separating it from the non-sublimable impurity.
Can Ripper	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Oxidation and Reduction	The inside of an aluminum soda can is scored to break its protective plastic lining. When copper(II) chloride solution is added, a single replacement redox reaction occurs, dissolving the aluminum along the scored line. With only the outer paint layer holding the can together, the can can be ripped apart easily with a twist.
Copper Extraction Using Carbon	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Oxidation and Reduction, Mining and Resources	When a mixture of copper(II) oxide and carbon is heated, the carbon reduces the copper oxide to form copper metal and carbon dioxide gas. This reaction demonstrates how some metals are extracted from their ores.
Cracking Hydrocarbons	★★★	★★★	★★★	Organic Chemistry	Large alkane molecules such as those in liquid paraffin can be broken into smaller, more useful alkanes and alkenes by heating their vapors over a hot catalyst. The products can be collected and tested to show the formation of alkenes, which are more chemically reactive and important for making fuels and other useful chemicals.
‘Dissolving’ Styrofoam in Acetone	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Organic Chemistry, Polymers, Water and Solubility	When expanded polystyrene foam is placed in acetone (propanone), it appears to dissolve, dramatically shrinking in volume. This striking demonstration shows how acetone breaks down the foam structure by dissolving the polystyrene polymer, leaving only a small residue of solid polymer behind.
Electrostatic Deflection of Polar vs Nonpolar Liquids	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Organic Chemistry, Electricity	Charged rods can bend a falling stream of polar liquid, such as water, but have no effect on a stream of nonpolar liquid, such as cyclohexane. This demonstrates molecular polarity and explains why polar solvents dissolve ionic compounds.
Ester Synthesis, Isolation and Purification	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Organic Chemistry, Separating Mixtures	An alcohol reacts with a carboxylic acid under an acid catalyst to form an ester and water (Fischer esterification). An ester is synthesized under reflux, the organic layer isolated with a separatory funnel, dried, and purified by simple distillation.
Ethanol Purification by Distillation	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Organic Chemistry, Separating Mixtures	After fermenting a sugar solution with yeast, ethanol can be separated from the mixture using simple distillation. The distillate fractions collected can then be tested for ethanol content by carefully checking whether they ignite.
Making Esters in Test Tubes	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Organic Chemistry	Alcohols and carboxylic acids react in the presence of sulfuric acid to form esters and water. Many esters have strong, pleasant odors and are commonly used in perfumes and artificial flavorings.
Nylon Rope Trick	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Organic Chemistry, Polymers	The Nylon Rope Trick demonstrates interfacial polymerization, where nylon is formed at the boundary between two immiscible solutions: aqueous 1,6-diaminohexane and adipoyl chloride dissolved in cyclohexane. A continuous strand of nylon can be pulled from the liquid interface, creating a dramatic visual display of polymer formation.
Oil Spill Cleanup	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Organic Chemistry, Mining and Resources, Pollution and Conservation, Sustainability	This demonstration models an oil spill in water using vegetable oil. Students explore how oil floats on water, test different cleanup methods, and learn how dish soap helps break up oil.
Tollen's Test Silver Mirror	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Organic Chemistry	Aldehydes reduce silver ions in Tollen’s reagent to metallic silver, forming a reflective silver mirror on the inside of a glass container. This classic test is used to identify aldehydes and reducing sugars.
Geiger Counter and Radiation Shielding	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Nuclear Physics	A Geiger counter is used to detect radiation from various sources. By placing paper, aluminum, and lead between the source and detector, students can compare the penetrating power of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
Inverse-Square Law of Radiation	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Nuclear Physics	By measuring the number of radiation counts with a Geiger counter at different distances from a source, students can demonstrate the inverse-square law: radiation intensity decreases with the square of the distance from the source.
Measuring Background Radiation	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Nuclear Physics	Students use Geiger counters to measure background radiation, analyze variation in results, and explore why scientists must account for natural background levels before measuring radioactive sources.
Measuring Radioactivity with a Geiger Counter	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Nuclear Physics	Using a Geiger counter, radiation is measured from everyday objects such as a lantern mantle (thorium), a smoke detector (americium), and Fiesta ware (uranium). Additional natural sources like bananas (potassium-40) show that radiation is present in common materials. Shielding with lead illustrates how radiation can be blocked.
Mousetrap Nuclear Fission	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Nuclear Physics, Science Shows	An array of mousetraps loaded with ping pong balls is used to simulate a chain reaction, showing how one event can trigger many others in quick succession. The setup visually models nuclear chain reactions in a safe and dramatic way.
Simulating Radioactive Decay with Dice	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Nuclear Physics	This demonstration uses dice to represent unstable nuclei. By rolling the dice repeatedly and removing those that show a 6, students can model the random process of radioactive decay and visualize how the number of undecayed nuclei decreases over time, illustrating the concept of half-life.
Frog Natural Selection Simulation	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Natural Selection and Evolution	Students model natural selection using coloured frog cards in two different environments (pond and forest). Predators (snakes) remove frogs based on visibility in each environment, and offspring are produced according to genetic probability tables.
Geological Timeline with Toilet Paper	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Natural Selection and Evolution, Rocks, Science Shows	Using 46 sheets of toilet paper to represent Earth’s 4.6 billion-year history, students create a scale model timeline where each sheet equals 100 million years. Timeline markers show that most major biological and geological events occur only in the last few sheets.
Pangaea Puzzle	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Natural Selection and Evolution, Plate Tectonics, Rocks	In this activity, students use fossil evidence, rock strata, and continental shapes to reconstruct how Earth’s continents were once joined together as the supercontinent Pangaea about 220 million years ago. By piecing together cutouts of landmasses, they explore the evidence supporting plate tectonics.
Peppered Moth Simulation	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Natural Selection and Evolution	Various games that simulate hunting light and dark moths on contrasting backgrounds to model how environmental change can shift the frequency of traits in a population over generations.
Center of Gravity	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Motion	This demonstration shows how to find the center of gravity of an irregular object by hanging it from different points and drawing plumb lines. It also illustrates that the center of gravity moves in a simpler path than other points when the object is spun.
Disc vs Ring Moment of Inertia	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Motion, Simple Machines	A disc and a ring of equal mass and diameter are released down an inclined plane to compare their rolling speeds. The demonstration shows how mass distribution affects moment of inertia and influences rotational acceleration.
Egg Drop Inertia	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Motion	An egg is balanced on a cardboard tube above a glass of water, with a pie pan in between. By quickly knocking the pan away, the tube and pan move aside, but the egg drops straight down into the glass of water, demonstrating Newton’s First Law of Motion.
Inertia Hat	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Motion	A wire coat hanger is shaped into a headpiece holding two tennis balls. When balanced on the head, the ball remain still when the person turns.
Jumping Coin with Bernoulli’s Principle	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Motion, Pressure and Fluids	This demonstration shows how a coin can appear to jump into a cup under its own power. By blowing in a specific way, air pressure differences created by the Bernoulli principle cause the coin to lift and move into the cup.
Natural Selection with Paper Airplanes	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Motion, Natural Selection and Evolution	Students model directed evolution by making and testing paper airplanes. The best flyers are selected each round, and their designs are modified and re-tested. Over time, the average flight distance improves, simulating natural selection and directed evolution.
Ping Pong Vacuum Cannon	★★★	★★★	★★★	Motion, Pressure and Fluids, Science Shows	A sealed tube is evacuated and a ping pong ball is placed near one end. When the near seal is ruptured, atmospheric pressure accelerates the ball down the evacuated tube with negligible air resistance, allowing extreme speeds that can puncture cans and thin plywood. This demonstration highlights gas pressure, Newton’s laws, and the role of drag.
Potato Inertia	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Motion	This demonstration shows how inertia works by striking a knife that has been inserted into a potato. The potato resists sudden motion, so the knife moves deeper into it, illustrating Newton’s First Law of Motion.
Projectile Motion Range	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Motion, Sports Science	Students determine the muzzle velocity of a spring launcher from a horizontal shot, then use kinematics to predict and test the range of a projectile launched at selected angles over level and uneven terrain. The activity connects measured distances and heights to time of flight and horizontal range using constant-acceleration equations.
Shaken Soda Can Race	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Motion, Pressure and Fluids	When two identical soda cans roll down an incline, the unshaken can reaches the bottom first. Shaking one can creates foam and bubbles that change the distribution of mass inside, altering its moment of inertia and causing more energy transfer to the fluid. This reduces the shaken can’s rolling speed.
The Tablecloth Trick	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Motion	A tablecloth is pulled quickly from under cups and plates, leaving them in place.
Two Falling Coins - Projectile Motion	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Motion	Two coins are released from the same height: one falls straight down while the other is given a horizontal push. Both hit the ground simultaneously, demonstrating that horizontal velocity does not affect vertical motion.
Making Fossils	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Mining and Resources, Rocks, Soil and Erosion	Students create fossil replicas by pressing shells, leaves, or other objects into plasticine to form a mold, then filling it with plaster of paris. The plaster hardens into a fossil-like cast that can be painted for detail.
Panning for Gold	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Mining and Resources, Soil and Erosion	Students simulate a gold rush by panning for “gold” (metal pieces or BBs) in a container filled with sand, pebbles, and minerals. They learn how the density of gold causes it to separate from lighter materials when shaken in water.
Testing Rock Hardness	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Mining and Resources, Rocks	Students perform a scratch test to compare the hardness of different rocks. They discover that harder rocks can scratch softer ones and explore how rock hardness affects their practical uses.
Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Yeast Respiration	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Microbiology, Respiration and Photosynthesis	This experiment demonstrates yeast respiration by placing yeast, sugar, and warm water in bottles sealed with balloons. Under aerobic conditions, yeast uses oxygen to produce carbon dioxide rapidly, inflating the balloon more. Under anaerobic conditions, yeast ferments sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide, inflating the balloon more slowly.
Making Yogurt	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Microbiology, Food Science and Nutrition	Students heat and cool milk, add a starter containing live bacterial cultures, and allow the mixture to incubate in a warm environment. Over several hours, the bacteria ferment lactose into lactic acid, thickening the milk and producing yogurt.
Watching Yeast Make Bubbles	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Microbiology, Reproduction	This demonstration shows how bread yeast ferments sugar to release carbon dioxide, which can inflate a balloon, and allows students to observe live yeast cells under a microscope.
Ball and Ring Expansion	★★★	★☆☆	★★☆	Materials, Heat	This demonstration shows the thermal expansion of metals. A metal ball can pass through a ring at room temperature, but when heated, it expands and no longer fits. Cooling the ball in water allows it to contract and pass through again.
Bimetallic Strip Thermostat	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Materials, Heat	This demonstration uses a bonded copper–steel strip to show how temperature changes cause mechanical movement. Because the metals expand at different rates when heated, the strip bends, illustrating the principle of differential thermal expansion. This effect underpins many real-world devices, such as thermostats and circuit breakers, where heat is converted into mechanical motion for control purposes.
Heat Conduction of Different Materials	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Materials, Heat	This demonstration shows how heat conduction varies in different materials by using rods of copper, iron, and glass. Wax is used to attach small nails to the ends of the rods, and the heat from a Bunsen burner causes the nails to drop off in the order of conductivity.
Forensic Fiber Analysis	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Materials, Forensics	Forensic scientists analyze fibers from crime scenes using tests such as burn analysis and polarized light microscopy. These methods reveal whether a fiber is natural or synthetic and help investigators narrow down suspects without destroying evidence.
Freezing a Bouncy Ball in Liquid Nitrogen	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Materials, Liquid Nitrogen	A bouncy ball submerged in liquid nitrogen loses its elasticity because the extreme cold freezes its rubber molecules into a rigid, brittle structure. As a result, the ball cannot compress and rebound, making it unable to bounce until it warms up again.
Making Casein Plastic	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Materials, Polymers, Food Science and Nutrition	Heating milk and mixing it with vinegar causes the protein casein to separate and form curds. These curds can be dried and kneaded into a moldable bioplastic that hardens over time, demonstrating polymer formation.
Metal Rod Conduction	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Materials, Heat	A metal rod is heated at one end, and pieces of wax attached along its length melt one by one. This demonstrates how heat is conducted through the solid from the hot end toward the cooler end.
Nitinol Shape Memory Alloy	★★★	★☆☆	★★☆	Materials, Heat, Science Shows	Nitinol, a nickel-titanium alloy, demonstrates shape memory by returning to a pre-set shape when heated. Unlike ordinary wire, Nitinol “remembers” its original form and straightens itself when exposed to sufficient thermal energy.
Paper Recycling	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Materials, Pollution and Conservation, Sustainability	This activity and explanation show how paper is recycled, both industrially and at home. Paper fibers can be broken down into pulp, cleaned, and re-formed into new paper products, reducing the need for tree harvesting and helping conserve natural resources.
Pencils Through a Bag	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Materials, Polymers	When pencils are pushed through a water-filled plastic bag, no water leaks out.
Rubber Chicken Bones	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Materials, Body Systems	Clean chicken bones are soaked in vinegar so the acid reacts with calcium carbonate in the bone, removing minerals and leaving the collagen matrix flexible. After drying, the bones can harden in their new shape.
Simple Heat Conduction Experiment	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Materials, Heat	This experiment compares how well different materials - metal, wood, and plastic - conduct heat by observing how quickly butter melts on each spoon after being heated in boiling water. The results demonstrate that metals conduct heat much more effectively than wood or plastic.
3D Magnetic Field Demonstration	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Magnetism	Iron filings suspended in a viscous liquid inside a clear bottle align along the magnetic field lines when exposed to a strong magnet, creating a visible three-dimensional representation of the field.
Diamagnetism of Water	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Magnetism	Water is diamagnetic, meaning it creates a weak magnetic field opposite to an applied external magnetic field. This property can be demonstrated by the slight repulsion of water from a strong magnet.
Floating Needle Compass	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Magnetism	By magnetizing a needle and floating it on cork in water, you can create a simple compass that aligns with Earth’s magnetic field and points toward the nearest magnetic pole.
Magnetic Fields with Iron Filings	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Magnetism	This activity uses iron filings sprinkled over paper or a transparency placed on a magnet to reveal magnetic field patterns. The filings align themselves along invisible magnetic field lines, providing a visual representation of the field.
Magnetic Levitation with Pyrolytic Graphite	★★★	★★★	★★☆	Magnetism	Pyrolytic graphite is a strongly diamagnetic material that can levitate above neodymium magnets. It also conducts heat efficiently, allowing it to melt through ice easily by transferring heat from your hand.
Meissner Effect	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Magnetism, Liquid Nitrogen	When cooled below its critical temperature using liquid nitrogen, a superconductor expels magnetic fields and becomes a perfect diamagnet. This phenomenon, known as the Meissner effect, allows a magnet to levitate above the superconductor until it warms above its transition temperature.
Cleaning the Floor with Liquid Nitrogen	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	When liquid nitrogen is poured onto a hard floor, it rapidly boils and skims across the surface because of the Leidenfrost Effect. As it moves, it pushes dust and debris out of the way and can even clear dust from under furniture.
Freeze Antifreeze with Liquid Nitrogen	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	Antifreeze is usually a mixture of water and ethylene glycol (or propylene glycol), which lowers the freezing point of the liquid. When placed in liquid nitrogen at –196 °C, it freezes quite easily.
LED Color Change in Liquid Nitrogen	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	When an LED is submerged in liquid nitrogen, its emitted light shifts in color.
Liquid Nitrogen Banana Hammer	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	A banana frozen in liquid nitrogen becomes so hard that it can be used like a hammer to drive a nail into wood.
Liquid Nitrogen Freezing Fruit	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	When fruit such as a strawberry or berry is submerged in liquid nitrogen, the water inside its cells freezes almost instantly. This rapid freezing makes the fruit rigid and brittle, so when struck with a hammer or mallet, it shatters instead of squishing.
Liquid Nitrogen in Hot Water	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	When liquid nitrogen is poured into a beaker of hot water, the nitrogen rapidly boils and chills the water vapor above it. This causes almost every evaporating water molecule to condense into tiny liquid droplets, producing a dense fog.
Liquid Nitrogen Hovercraft	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	Small pieces of chalk, when frozen in liquid nitrogen, release nitrogen gas as they warm. This escaping gas forms a cushion between the chalk and the floor, causing the chalk to hover and slide across smooth surfaces.
Liquid Nitrogen Shrinking Balloon	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	A balloon filled with air dramatically shrinks when cooled with liquid nitrogen, then re-expands as it warms up again.
Smashing Flowers with Liquid Nitrogen	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	When a flower is immersed in liquid nitrogen, the water inside its cells freezes instantly, making the flower brittle. A gentle squeeze or tap causes the petals to shatter into pieces, demonstrating how extreme cold affects living tissues.
Liquid Nitrogen Teapot	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	A whistling-style teapot filled with liquid nitrogen begins to boil vigorously, producing a dramatic fog and whistle sound even in a cold environment such as a freezer.
Liquid Nitrogen Volcano	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	When liquid nitrogen is poured into warm water, it rapidly boils and expands into gas. Adding bubble mix traps the nitrogen gas, creating a foamy eruption that resembles a volcano.
Vortex Rings Using Liquid Nitrogen	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Liquid Nitrogen	A vortex gun made from a bin or box can shoot doughnut-shaped rings of air called toroidal vortices. By filling the vortex gun with fog created by liquid nitrogen, the normally invisible air rings become visible as dramatic smoke rings.
Afterimage Illusion	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light, Senses and Perception, The Brain and Nerves	Stare at a brightly colored image for a short time, then look at a blank white surface and observe a “ghost” image that appears in complementary colors. This activity demonstrates how cone cells adapt and how the opponent process in vision creates negative and positive afterimages.
Blind Spot	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Light, Senses and Perception, The Brain and Nerves	Students use a simple card with a dot and an X to locate their blind spot. By covering one eye and moving the card at arm’s length, they observe how part of their vision disappears when light falls on the optic nerve instead of light-sensitive cells in the retina.
Burning Paper with a Convex Lens	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Light	A convex lens is used to concentrate sunlight onto a small point on a piece of paper. The focused light intensifies the heat at the focal point until the paper ignites.
Color Mixing and Shadows	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Light	Using red, green, and blue light sources aimed at a shadow screen, students explore how shadows change color and how overlapping beams of light combine to create new colors. The activity demonstrates that the primary colors of light (red, green, and blue) mix differently than paint pigments.
Colour Subtraction with Filters	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	Light filters and surfaces selectively transmit, reflect, or absorb different colors of light. This subtraction of colors explains why objects and filtered images appear in certain colors or may even appear black if no light is reflected or transmitted.
Convex Lens Mirror Imaging	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	This demonstration shows how convex lenses and concave mirrors can bend or reflect light rays to bring them to a focus and form real images on a screen.
Cow Eye Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Light, Dissections	Dissect a preserved cow eye to trace the path of light through cornea, pupil, lens, and vitreous to the retina, then identify the optic nerve, blind spot, and tapetum to connect structure with how vision works. Use the lens to form real images to demonstrate image formation and inversion.
Disappearing Coin Trick (Refraction)	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	Placing a glass of water over a coin makes the coin appear to vanish. This happens because light bends, or refracts, when it travels from air into water, preventing light from the coin from reaching the viewer’s eyes.
Disappearing Glassware	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	When Pyrex glass is placed in vegetable oil, it becomes nearly invisible because both materials have the same refractive index.
Flying Optical Illusion	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Light, Senses and Perception, Science Shows	A large mirror creates the illusion that a person’s leg reflection is actually their other leg, making it appear as though both legs lift off the ground and the person is flying.
Focal Length of a Concave Lens	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	A concave lens causes parallel rays of light from a light box to diverge. By extending the diverging rays backward, their virtual intersection point is located, which defines the principal focal point. Measuring the distance from this point to the center of the lens gives the focal length.
Focal Length of a Convex Lens	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	A convex lens is used to converge parallel rays of light from a light box onto a screen. By adjusting the position of the screen until the sharpest focus is achieved, the distance from the lens to the focused spot gives the focal length of the lens.
Inverse Square Law with Light	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	A lamp and light meter are used to show that illumination decreases with the square of the distance from the source. Students observe that doubling the distance reduces the light intensity to one quarter, demonstrating the inverse-square law.
Investigating the Law of Reflection	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	A ray box is used to shine light at a plane mirror, and the angles of incidence and reflection are measured. The experiment demonstrates the law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
Investigating Refraction and Snell's Law	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	A narrow beam of light is shone through a glass block at different angles. By measuring the angles of incidence and refraction, students can apply Snell’s Law and determine the refractive index of the glass.
Laser Microscope	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Light, Cells and Microscopes, Microbiology	A laser is focused through a water droplet at the tip of a syringe, which acts as a convex lens. The light is projected onto a screen, allowing small aquatic organisms and impurities in the water to be observed.
Light Refraction – Arrow Changes Direction	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	An arrow drawn on paper appears to change direction when viewed through a water-filled glass. This effect occurs because light bends, or refracts, as it passes through different mediums.
Newton Disc - Spinning Color Wheel	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	A Newton Disc demonstrates how colors of the spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet) blend together when spun rapidly, appearing as white light to the human eye.
Pinhole Camera	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	Make a lightproof box with a tiny hole on one side and a translucent screen on the other to project an inverted real image of the outside scene. This hands-on build demonstrates how light travels in straight lines and why small apertures produce sharper images.
Scattering of Light with Milk	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light, Global Systems, The Atmosphere	A flashlight shining through water mixed with milk demonstrates how scattering of shorter wavelengths makes light appear blue from the side and red-orange when viewed through the length of the liquid, simulating why the sky is blue and sunsets are red.
Separating White Light into Colors	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Light	When white light passes through a triangular prism, it separates into its component colors (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet). This occurs because each wavelength of light refracts, or bends, by a different amount as it enters and exits the prism.
Total Internal Reflection in a Water Stream	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Light	A laser beam is sent through a small hole in a water-filled bottle so it enters the flowing stream. The light undergoes total internal reflection and follows the curve of the stream, just like light in an optical fiber.
Van de Graaff with Fluorescent Bulb	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Light, Van de Graaff Generator	A fluorescent light bulb can flicker and glow when brought near a Van de Graaff generator. The strong electric field from the charged dome excites the gas inside the bulb, demonstrating electrostatic discharge and how electric fields can cause visible light emission.
Wireless Audio Transfer Using Laser Light	★★★	★★★	★★☆	Light, Sound	Live audio is sent over a visible laser beam. A microphone signal modulates the laser; a light sensor (e.g., solar cell) converts the received light back to an electrical signal that is amplified and played on a speaker.
Bunsen Burner Operation	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Lab Skills and Safety	This demonstration outlines the safe and correct use of a Bunsen burner, including preparation, lighting, use, and shutdown.
Dart Drop Accuracy, Precision, and Uncertainty	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Lab Skills and Safety, Measurement and Units	Students drop different darts onto a target from varying heights and by different droppers, then analyze how accuracy (closeness to the center), precision (clustering), and uncertainty (spread/standard deviation) change with those variables.
Gravity Filtration	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Lab Skills and Safety	Gravity filtration is a laboratory method used to separate a solid residue from a liquid filtrate by passing the mixture through filter paper held in a funnel. The technique allows suspended solids to be collected while the clear liquid passes through.
Use of Laboratory Balances	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Lab Skills and Safety, Measurement and Units	This demonstration explains the correct use of analytical and top-loading balances in the laboratory. It covers accuracy requirements, weighing techniques, and best practices to ensure precise and reliable mass measurements.
Using a Measuring Cylinder	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Lab Skills and Safety, Measurement and Units	This demonstration shows how to correctly measure the volume of a liquid using a measuring cylinder, a common piece of laboratory equipment.
Wafting Demonstration with Ammonia	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Lab Skills and Safety	This demonstration shows why it is important to waft chemical vapors instead of smelling them directly. Ammonia vapor rising from an ammonium hydroxide solution is detected by phenolphthalein-treated paper, which turns pink in the presence of the base.
Candy Chromatography	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Kitchen Chemistry, Separating Mixtures, Water and Solubility	Paper chromatography is used to separate the dye mixture from colored candy coatings and compare the separated spots to known food colorings. Measure and compare Rf values to infer which approved food dyes are present.
Cookie Mining	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Kitchen Chemistry, Mining and Resources	Students mine chocolate chips out of cookies using toothpicks to simulate coal mining. The activity models the environmental impact of strip mining on habitats and helps students understand that fossil fuels are non-renewable resources.
Cooking an Egg Without Heat	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Kitchen Chemistry, Enzymes and Digestion, Food Science and Nutrition	This experiment shows how alcohol can denature proteins in egg whites, causing them to coagulate and turn white, just like when cooking with heat. It demonstrates protein structure disruption and how proteins lose their natural shape under different conditions.
Making Slime	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Kitchen Chemistry, Materials, Polymers	This activity demonstrates polymer chemistry by making slime from glue, baking soda, and contact lens solution. Crosslinking between polymer chains in glue changes the liquid into a stretchy, rubbery material with unique properties.
Microwave Hot Spots With Marshmallows	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Kitchen Chemistry, Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Food Science and Nutrition	Marshmallows are heated in a microwave with and without the rotating tray to reveal the uneven distribution of energy inside the oven. This demonstrates how microwaves create hot and cold spots due to their wave pattern.
Sedimentary Rock Snacks	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Kitchen Chemistry, Rocks, Soil and Erosion	Using rice krispies, marshmallows, chocolate chips, and candies, students create layered snack bars that model the formation of sedimentary rocks in the rock cycle.
Black vs Silver Can Cooling	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Heat, The Atmosphere	This demonstration shows how emissivity affects heat radiation by comparing the cooling rates of hot water in a black can versus a shiny silver can. The black can radiates heat more efficiently and cools faster than the silver can.
Black vs White Can Heating	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Heat, The Atmosphere, Weather and Climate	This experiment demonstrates how color affects heat absorption by comparing the water temperature in a black-painted can and a white-painted can after exposure to sunlight. The black can absorbs more energy, heating the water inside faster than the white can.
Convection Among Friends	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Heat	This interactive activity uses hand placement between partners to demonstrate convection, showing how heat transfers from warmer to cooler areas through moving air. It also introduces conduction when the partners’ hands touch directly.
Egg in a Bottle	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Heat, Pressure and Fluids	A peeled hard-boiled egg is placed on the neck of a bottle. When lit matches are dropped into the bottle, the heated air expands and some escapes. As the air cools, it contracts, lowering the air pressure inside. The higher outside air pressure pushes the egg into the bottle.
Fireproof Balloon	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Heat	A balloon filled with only air bursts quickly when exposed to a flame, but a balloon containing water can withstand the heat.
Flying Tea Bag	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Heat, Science Shows	An emptied tea bag is set on fire, and as it burns, hot air rises through convection. Once the bag becomes light enough, it is lifted into the air by the rising column of hot gases, demonstrating the principle behind hot air balloons.
Land vs Water Heating	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Heat, Weather and Climate	This experiment models how land and water surfaces heat and cool at different rates. By comparing temperature changes in soil (or sand) and water exposed to a heat lamp, students can better understand how the uneven heating of Earth’s surfaces affects weather and climate.
Rubens Tube	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Heat, Sound	A Rubens tube is a long metal pipe with holes along its top, filled with propane and lit to produce flames. When sound waves are introduced through a speaker at one end, the flames reveal the standing wave pattern inside the tube, making sound waves visible as a dynamic flame display.
Soda Can Crusher	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Heat, Pressure and Fluids	A small amount of water in an aluminum soda can is boiled to fill the can with steam. When the hot can is quickly inverted into cold water, the steam condenses, the internal pressure drops, and outside air pressure crushes the can.
Bread Model of Ground Pollution	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Global Systems, Pollution and Conservation, Soil and Erosion	This experiment uses slices of bread and food coloring to simulate how pollutants seep into the ground after rainfall. Students can observe how different amounts of precipitation affect the spread and depth of pollution in porous layers.
Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Jar	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Global Systems, Sustainability, The Atmosphere	This experiment models the greenhouse effect using jars filled with different controls and a baking soda–vinegar reaction to produce carbon dioxide. By comparing temperatures in jars with and without trapped CO2, students see how greenhouse gases can trap heat.
Greenhouse Analogy with Chocolate	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Global Systems, The Atmosphere, Weather and Climate	This classroom activity models the greenhouse effect using chocolate squares instead of thermometers. By comparing how quickly chocolate melts inside and outside a transparent container under a light source or the Sun, students observe how greenhouse gases trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere.
Coin Toss Genetics	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Genetics and DNA	Students use coin tosses to simulate allele segregation during meiosis and fertilization. By representing dominant and recessive alleles with coin sides, they explore probability, monohybrid inheritance, and variation between predicted and observed genetic ratios.
DNA Paper Model	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Genetics and DNA	Students cut, arrange, and assemble paper templates of sugars, phosphates, and nitrogen bases to construct a model of DNA. The activity reinforces the structure of DNA, base pairing rules, and the appearance of the double helix.
Dominance and Recessiveness with Food Coloring	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Genetics and DNA	This demonstration uses colored water, bleach, and food coloring to model how dominant, recessive, and codominant traits are expressed. By mixing colors in different combinations, students see how phenotypes appear in offspring.
Genetic Inheritance in Brassica rapa	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Genetics and DNA, Plants	Students investigate Mendelian inheritance in Brassica rapa by studying two traits: stem height (tall vs. dwarf) and stem color (purple vs. green). They grow F1 and F2 generations, predict outcomes with Punnett squares, then compare predictions with actual phenotypic ratios using class data.
Genetic Traits Survey	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Genetics and DNA	Students survey their own observable traits such as earlobe attachment, tongue rolling, freckles, and handedness to explore patterns of inheritance. By collecting and analyzing class data, they investigate how genetic traits vary in populations and how environment can also influence expression.
Hardy Weinberg Bead Simulation	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Genetics and DNA, Natural Selection and Evolution	Students model allele and genotype frequencies with colored beads under two scenarios: random mating and selection against a recessive homozygote.
Modeling DNA with Pipe Cleaners	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Genetics and DNA	Students use beads and pipe cleaners to model the structure of DNA. Colored beads represent the four bases (A, T, G, C), while pipe cleaners represent the sugar-phosphate backbone. The model demonstrates base-pairing rules and the twisted double-helix structure.
Origami DNA Model	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Genetics and DNA	This hands-on activity uses paper folding (origami) to create a model of the DNA double helix. By folding and coloring paper strips, students can explore how complementary base pairs (A with T, C with G) form the steps of the twisted ladder structure of DNA.
PTC Genetic Taste Test	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Genetics and DNA, Natural Selection and Evolution, Food Science and Nutrition	The ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is controlled by a single gene, TAS2R38, which codes for a bitter taste receptor. Variants of this gene determine whether individuals find PTC intensely bitter, slightly bitter, or tasteless. This simple Mendelian trait illustrates genetic variation, natural selection, and sensory perception.
Air Cannon Smoke Rings	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Gases, Pressure and Fluids, Science Shows	A large trash can fitted with a flexible plastic membrane can be used to create giant smoke rings. Striking the membrane sends a vortex of air through a hole, which can be made visible with smoke to demonstrate air movement and Bernoulli’s principle.
Balloon in Syringe Boyle's Law	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Gases, Particles and States of Matter, Pressure and Fluids	Using balloons inside a syringe, this experiment shows how gases expand when pressure decreases and contract when pressure increases, illustrating Boyle’s law.
Balloon Volume and Temperature	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Gases, Particles and States of Matter, Pressure and Fluids	This experiment demonstrates how temperature affects the volume of gas inside a balloon. By placing balloons over bottles in hot water, a refrigerator, and a freezer, students observe how gases expand when heated and contract when cooled, illustrating Charles’s Law.
Carbonated Drink Shake Up	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Gases, Kitchen Chemistry, Pressure and Fluids	This demonstration explores what happens when a shaken soda can is opened. Shaking introduces bubbles that cling to the can’s inner surface. Opening the can releases pressure, causing these bubbles to expand and force liquid out in a foamy burst. By snapping the sides of the can before opening, bubbles are dislodged and float to the top, reducing the mess.
Alka-Seltzer Rocket	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Gases, Reaction Rate, Pressure and Fluids	A plastic film canister filled with water and alka-seltzer creates carbon dioxide gas, building pressure until the lid pops off and launches the canister like a rocket.
Limewater Test for Carbon Dioxide	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Gases, Lab Skills and Safety	Carbon dioxide can be detected by bubbling the gas through limewater, which is a solution of calcium hydroxide. If carbon dioxide is present, the limewater turns milky or cloudy white due to the formation of calcium carbonate.
Making Nitrogen Dioxide	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Gases, Oxidation and Reduction	When copper metal is added to concentrated nitric acid, a vigorous reaction occurs that dissolves the copper, producing a blue-green solution of copper nitrate and releasing brown nitrogen dioxide gas.
Marshmallow in a Vacuum	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Gases, Particles and States of Matter, Pressure and Fluids	Placing marshmallows inside a bell jar and changing the air pressure demonstrates how gases expand and contract, showing the effects of vacuum and differential pressure on porous materials.
Mentos and Diet Coke	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Gases, Particles and States of Matter, Science Shows	Dropping Mentos candies into Diet Coke causes a rapid release of dissolved carbon dioxide, creating a dramatic soda eruption. This is a physical reaction caused by surface roughness on the Mentos that accelerates bubble formation.
Production of Ammonia Gas	★★☆	★★★	★★★	Gases	Ammonia gas is produced in the laboratory by heating a mixture of ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide. The gas, being lighter than air and highly soluble in water, is collected by downward displacement of air.
Production of Ethylene	★★☆	★★★	★★★	Gases, Organic Chemistry	Ethylene/Ethene gas (C2H4) is prepared by catalytic dehydration of ethanol using aluminum oxide. The gas can then be tested for unsaturation by its reaction with iodine water, showing the reactivity of alkenes.
Bite Mark Analysis	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Forensics	Students create and analyze bite impressions to compare with a photographic bite mark from a crime scene. By measuring distances between teeth and looking for unique dental features, they determine which suspect’s bite could have caused the injury.
Blood Spatter Patterns	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Forensics	Students design and conduct an experiment using fake blood to investigate how drop height affects the diameter and features of a bloodstain. By testing multiple heights (including those that approach terminal velocity), students observe trends in stain size and spatter patterns.
Collect and Observe Fingerprints	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Forensics	This simple experiment allows students to collect and observe their unique fingerprints using only pencil lead, tape, and paper. It highlights the individuality of fingerprints and how they can be used for identification.
Handwriting Analysis	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Forensics	Students act as forensic handwriting analysts by comparing a note from a crime scene to suspect handwriting samples. They examine features such as form, line quality, spacing, and grammar to determine the most likely match.
Shoeprint Identification	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Forensics	Students take on the role of detectives to analyze shoeprints found at a crime scene and compare them to suspect prints. By examining features such as size, tread patterns, and wear marks, they determine which suspect’s shoe matches the evidence.
Tool Mark Identification	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Forensics	Students create and examine tool marks in clay to learn how forensic scientists compare impressions and striations made by tools at crime scenes. By comparing known samples with unknown marks, they practice making positive identifications and ruling out mismatches.
Air Track Demonstrations	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	Use a low-friction air track and gliders to demonstrate core kinematics and dynamics ideas including uniform motion, acceleration, momentum, and collisions.
Balancing a Hammer with a Ruler	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force	A hammer can be balanced on the edge of a ruler (or even another hammer) using rubber bands. The system achieves stable equilibrium because the combined center of mass lies just below the fulcrum.
Ballistic Car	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	The Ballistic Car shows that horizontal motion is unaffected by vertical forces. A spring launcher on a moving cart shoots a ball straight upward; the ball then falls back into the barrel, proving that both cart and ball share the same horizontal velocity.
Balloon Bed of Nails	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Force, Pressure and Fluids, Science Shows	A single nail easily pops a balloon because all the pressure is concentrated at one point. But when many nails share the load, the pressure is spread out, allowing a balloon (and by analogy, a person) to withstand much more force before popping.
Balloon Hovercraft	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	A CD, balloon, and sport drink cap are assembled into a simple hovercraft that demonstrates Newton’s Third Law of Motion and the reduction of friction. Air from the balloon escapes downward through the CD hole, lifting and moving the hovercraft.
Balloon Rocket	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	A balloon taped to a straw travels along a taut string when released, demonstrating Newton’s Third Law of Motion: the escaping air (action) pushes the balloon forward (reaction). The setup provides a simple model of rocket propulsion.
Block and Tackle with Broomsticks	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Simple Machines	This demonstration uses two broom handles and a long rope to model a block and tackle pulley system. It shows how increasing the number of rope loops reduces the effort needed to pull two volunteers together, demonstrating mechanical advantage.
Bottle Rocket	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Force, Motion, Pressure and Fluids	A plastic soda bottle partially filled with water is pressurized with air using a pump. When released, the escaping air and water propel the bottle upward, demonstrating Newton’s Third Law of Motion and the relationship between force and acceleration.
Catch a Falling Dollar	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	This experiment demonstrates human reaction time using a dollar bill. A person tries to catch the bill as it falls, but usually fails because the human reaction time is slower than the time it takes the bill to drop through their fingers.
Center of Gravity Balance Test	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Sports Science	Balance on the edge of a curb and test how arm position and the use of short versus long poles affect stability and wobble speed. By changing where mass is distributed, you shift your center of gravity and can measure how that influences balance time.
Centripetal Force Marble	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force	A marble is spun inside a glass. As the marble spins faster, centripetal force from the glass walls keeps it moving in a circular path, temporarily counteracting gravity.
Centripetal Force with Bucket	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	A bucket of water is swung in a vertical circle without the water spilling out. This demonstrates inertia and the role of centripetal force in circular motion.
Cutting Rope with Rope	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Heat	This demonstration shows how one piece of rope can be used to cut through another by rapidly sawing back and forth. The heat and abrasion from friction weaken the fibers until the rope snaps. It’s a survival trick that illustrates the physics of friction and energy transfer.
Dollar Bill Inertia Challenge	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Force, Motion	This demonstration uses a dollar bill, coins, and soda bottles to show Newton’s First Law of Motion. When the bill is quickly pulled away, the coins or bottle remain in place due to inertia, as long as friction is minimized.
Dropping Balls From Same Height	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	This demonstration shows that all objects fall at the same rate under gravity regardless of their mass. Two balls of different sizes dropped at the same time hit the floor together. When one ball is dropped vertically and the other is tossed horizontally from the same height, they still land at the same time.
Dropping Coin and Feather in a Vacuum	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Force, Motion	This demonstration shows that in the absence of air resistance, all objects fall at the same rate. A coin and a feather dropped in a tube filled with air fall at different speeds, but when the tube is evacuated, they fall together.
Finding Centre of Ruler	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force	No matter where you place your fingers under a meter stick, if you slide them together, they will always meet at the stick’s center of gravity. This surprising result shows how friction and weight distribution interact to ensure the balance point is always found.
Floating Ping Pong Ball	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion, Pressure and Fluids, Science Shows	A ping pong ball can be suspended in the air stream of a hair dryer. This demonstrates Bernoulli’s principle, which explains how differences in air pressure keep the ball floating and stable in the moving air.
Force Table Vector Addition	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	Using a force table with pulleys and hanging masses, students create one or more known forces on a central ring and determine the equilibrant that brings the system to equilibrium.
Friction of a Block on an Inclined Plane	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Simple Machines	A block is placed on a flat board that can be tilted to form an inclined plane. As the incline is raised, the block remains at rest until the downhill pull of gravity overcomes static friction, at which point it begins to slide. The angle at which sliding begins can be used to measure the coefficient of static friction, while constant-speed sliding demonstrates kinetic friction.
Genie in the Bottle Rope Trick	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Senses and Perception, Science Shows	A hidden ball inside a bottle creates friction against a rope, making it appear that the rope is magically suspended in the bottle. This trick demonstrates how frictional forces resist motion between surfaces.
Inertia - Which String Breaks	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	A heavy mass suspended by a top string has a string hanging from the bottom. A quick pull on the lower string causes it to snap due to the ball’s inertia, while a slow pull causes the top string to break because it the gravity of the mass add to the force.
Inseparable Books	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force	Two notebooks are interleaved page by page and become nearly impossible to pull apart.
Lying on a Bed of Nails	★☆☆	★★☆	★★★	Force, Pressure and Fluids	The bed of nails demonstrates how spreading force over a large surface area reduces pressure. A person can safely lie on many nails without injury because the force of their weight is divided among the nails.
Magnetic Force and Separation Distance	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Force, Magnetism	This experiment measures the force between two permanent bar magnets as their separation distance changes. Students collect data and plot graphs to investigate the mathematical relationship, which approximates an inverse square law but may follow a slightly different power law.
Measuring the Gravitational Constant	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Force	The Cavendish Experiment, first performed in 1797–98 by Henry Cavendish, measures the tiny gravitational attraction between lead spheres using a torsion balance. From this, the gravitational constant (G) can be determined.
Pascal’s Principle With Syringes	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Force, Pressure and Fluids, Simple Machines	Using syringes connected with tubing, students can demonstrate Pascal’s Principle: when pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the pressure increase is transmitted equally throughout the fluid. This allows a small force applied on a small piston to generate a larger force on a larger piston.
Shoot the Monkey	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Force, Motion	This classic demonstration shows that the horizontal and vertical components of a projectile’s motion are independent. A projectile fired from a cannon hits a monkey that drops from a tree at the same instant, because both fall with the same vertical acceleration due to gravity.
Simple Accelerometer	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion, Pressure and Fluids	This demonstration uses a cork suspended in water inside a jar to show how acceleration affects fluids and objects. Instead of moving opposite to acceleration as many students expect, the cork moves in the same direction as acceleration because of pressure differences in the water.
Stomp Rocket	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Force, Motion	Students build and launch paper rockets using a plastic bottle, garden hose, and card. By stomping on the bottle, compressed air is forced through the hose, propelling the rocket upwards in a demonstration of Newton’s Third Law.
Surface Friction	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force, Motion	Students drag a wooden block over different surfaces using a spring scale, recording the steady pulling force to compare kinetic friction. Results are analyzed across at least three trials per surface and used to discuss variables, error sources, and friction concepts.
Toppling Bottles	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Force	Three bottles - one empty, one full of water, and one half-full - are placed on a tilted board to compare their stability. Students observe that the bottle with the lowest center of gravity (the half-full one) is more stable than the empty or full bottles.
Tug-of-War Vector Addition	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Force	A tug-of-war setup demonstrates how forces act as vectors. People or teams pulling on a central ring or rope represent individual force vectors. If the pulls are balanced, the ring stays still; if unbalanced, the ring moves in the direction of the resultant force.
Vacuum Power	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Force, Pressure and Fluids	By attaching a vacuum cleaner to a plywood board with weatherstripping, the suction creates a strong seal against a flat surface. The reduced air pressure between the board and the surface allows normal atmospheric pressure to hold the board firmly in place, demonstrating how pressure and surface area combine to create strong lifting forces.
Biuret Test for Protein	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Food Science and Nutrition	The Biuret test detects proteins in food samples. When a protein such as egg white or milk is mixed with Biuret solution, the color changes from blue to violet. If no protein is present, the solution remains blue.
Food Test for Fats and Oils	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Food Science and Nutrition	The emulsion test detects fats and oils in food. The sample is first dissolved in ethanol, then mixed with water. A milky-white emulsion indicates the presence of lipids, while a clear solution means none are present.
Liquid Nitrogen Freezing Marshmallows	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Food Science and Nutrition, Liquid Nitrogen	Marshmallows frozen in liquid nitrogen become crisp and brittle. When eaten, the extreme cold condenses the water vapor in exhaled breath, creating a dramatic “dragon’s breath” fog effect.
Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Food Science and Nutrition, Liquid Nitrogen	creamy ice cream is made by rapidly freezing a prepared base with liquid nitrogen, creating very small ice crystals that give it a smooth texture.
Testing Foods for Reducing Sugars	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Food Science and Nutrition	Benedict’s solution is used to test foods for the presence of reducing sugars such as glucose. When heated with a reducing sugar, the blue solution changes to green, yellow, orange, or brick red depending on the sugar concentration.
Testing for Starch in Food	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Food Science and Nutrition	This activity uses iodine as an indicator to test different foods for starch. When iodine comes in contact with starch, it produces a dark blue or purple-black color, while foods without starch remain brownish-yellow.
Celery Capillary Action	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Plants	Celery is placed in colored water and the colors move upwards to it's leaves.
Color Swirling Milk	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension	Food coloring on milk stays mostly still until a drop of dish soap touches the surface; swirling patterns then race across the milk as soap disrupts surface tension.
Cornstarch and Water	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Kitchen Chemistry, Particles and States of Matter	This experiment uses cornstarch and water to create "oobleck," a non-Newtonian fluid that behaves like a liquid when poured but like a solid when struck or squeezed. It provides a hands-on way to explore suspensions and unusual fluid dynamics.
Diffusion in Hot and Cold Water	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Particles and States of Matter	By adding food coloring to hot and cold water, students can observe that molecules in hot water move faster, causing the dye to spread more quickly.
Double Slit Experiment with Water Waves	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves	A tank of water with two slits in a barrier demonstrates how waves interfere. Circular water waves passing through the slits overlap to produce alternating regions of reinforcement and cancellation, creating an interference pattern that illustrates wave behavior.
Floating Coin on Water	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension	Aluminum coins, though denser than water, can be floated on the water’s surface due to surface tension.
Floating Paper Clip	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension	A paperclip, normally too dense to float, can rest on the surface of water by using tissue paper and surface tension.
Glowing Oobleck	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Light, Special Occasions	This Halloween-themed activity creates glowing oobleck that behaves like both a liquid and a solid. Under a blacklight, the quinine in tonic water makes the mixture glow eerily, and when placed on a speaker playing spooky music, the oobleck appears to writhe and dance like a haunted slime.
Pepper and Water Surface Tension	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension	Black pepper sprinkled on water races to the edges when a tiny amount of detergent touches the surface. Soap lowers surface tension and the water pulls away from the soap, carrying the floating pepper.
Pouring Water Down a String	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension	Water is poured from one container into another along a piece of string. The demonstration shows how the adhesive and cohesive properties of water allow it to cling to the string and flow downward instead of falling freely.
Pythagoras Cup	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Pressure and Fluids	The Pythagoras cup looks like a normal drinking cup, but if filled past a certain level, it uses a siphon to empty itself completely. This ancient invention shows the principles of siphoning and was originally designed to teach moderation.
See Convection Currents	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Heat, Plate Tectonics, Weather and Climate	A small container of hot, colored water is placed in a larger container of cold water. The warm water rises and circulates through the cold water, creating visible convection currents that illustrate heat transfer and density differences.
Surface Tension Boat	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension	A tiny boat made from a foam tray (or cardboard) zips across water when a trace of dish soap is applied at its notched stern.
Upside Down Water Glass	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Pressure and Fluids	By filling a glass completely with water, covering it with a piece of stiff paper, and inverting it, the paper stays in place and holds the water inside the glass.
Viscosity With Marbles	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Particles and States of Matter	Students compare how marbles fall through different liquids such as water, oil, syrup, and honey. This simple race demonstrates viscosity, or the internal friction of liquids, and helps students understand why some liquids flow faster than others.
Water on a Coin	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Fluids and Surface Tension, Water and Solubility	Using an eyedropper, drops of water are placed on a coin and it's observed how many drops can pile up before spilling over. The activity demonstrates cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension in water compared with other liquids like oil and syrup.
Cobalt Chloride Equilibrium	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Equilibrium	A solution of cobalt(II) chloride in ethanol appears blue due to formation of [CoCl4]2–. When water is added, the equilibrium shifts toward the hydrated [Co(H2O)6]2+ complex, producing a pink solution.
Equilibrium of Iron (III) Thiocyanate	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Equilibrium	The equilibrium between iron(III) ions, thiocyanate ions, and the red-brown ferric thiocyanate complex can be shifted by adding or removing reactants. Color changes from yellow to red-brown or vice versa demonstrate Le Chatelier’s principle in action.
Nitrogen Dioxide and Dinitrogen Tetroxide Equilibrium	★★★	★★★	★★★	Equilibrium, Gases	The equilibrium between brown nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2) and colorless dinitrogen tetroxide gas (N2O4) can be studied in a closed syringe system. Changes in pressure, volume, and temperature shift the equilibrium, which can be observed as changes in the intensity of the brown color.
Action of Salivary Amylase on Starch	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Enzymes and Digestion, Food Science and Nutrition	This demonstration shows how salivary amylase breaks down starch in cooked rice into simpler sugars like maltose. Students use chemical tests to identify starch and reducing sugars while learning about enzyme activity and its dependence on conditions such as temperature.
Lactase Breakdown of Lactose	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Enzymes and Digestion	Students use over-the-counter lactase and a lactose solution to show that lactase hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose. Glucose test strips provide an easy color readout to confirm glucose formation.
Length of the Digestive System	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Enzymes and Digestion	Students measure and lay out rope to represent the lengths of different digestive organs, showing the impressive distance food travels from mouth to anus. Along the way, they discuss each organ’s function and how the digestive system fits inside the body.
Pepsin Digestion of Protein	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Enzymes and Digestion	Students investigate the effect of pepsin on albumin, a protein, under different conditions. By comparing test tubes with acid, boiled enzyme, and water, they observe how pepsin activity depends on temperature and pH, simulating the digestive process in the stomach.
Yeast and Bread Fermentation	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Enzymes and Digestion, Microbiology	Students explore the role of yeast in bread making by preparing dough in a bag, observing changes over time, and investigating how yeast fermentation produces carbon dioxide that causes dough to rise.
Yeast Fermentation	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Enzymes and Digestion, Microbiology	Students investigate how different sugars (white sugar, brown sugar, and honey) affect the rate of yeast fermentation by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide produced, observed through balloon inflation.
Burning Paper with Colliding Steel Balls	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Energy, Heat	When two steel balls are struck together with paper between them, the collision generates enough heat to scorch and burn the paper.
Giant Pendulum	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Energy, Science Shows	A large pendulum suspended from the ceiling demonstrates conservation of energy by swinging out and back to its starting point near the instructor’s chin, never exceeding its original height. The dramatic demonstration shows that mechanical energy is conserved and that potential energy converts to kinetic energy and back.
Happy and Sad Balls	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Energy, Force, Motion	This demonstration compares how different materials affect energy transfer in collisions. A "happy" ball made of neoprene rubber bounces high, showing an elastic collision, while a "sad" ball made of norbornene barely bounces, showing an inelastic collision.
Newton's Cradle	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Energy, Force, Motion	A Newton’s cradle demonstrates conservation of momentum and energy through swinging metal spheres that collide in sequence. When one or more spheres are released, the same number of spheres on the opposite side swing out with nearly identical motion.
Pendulum Period Investigation	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Energy, Motion	Students build a simple pendulum and test how string length, bob mass, and release angle affect the time for one swing. The demonstration shows that for small angles the period depends mainly on length, not mass or amplitude.
Pizza Box Solar Oven	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Energy, Heat, Sustainability	This activity demonstrates how sunlight can be harnessed to cook food. A pizza box lined with foil and sealed with plastic wrap becomes a solar oven, concentrating the sun’s rays and converting them into heat energy to warm or cook food.
Rotating Chair with Dumbbells	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Energy, Force, Motion	A person seated on a rotating chair holds dumbbells with arms extended. As the person pulls the dumbbells inward, the chair spins faster, demonstrating conservation of angular momentum. Extending the arms again slows the rotation.
Stacked Ball Drop	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Energy, Motion	A ping pong ball is dropped alone, with a golf ball, and then stacked above the golf ball to observe differences in rebound height. The demonstration shows how energy conservation and transfer limit the maximum possible bounce height.
Stirling Engine	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Energy, Heat, Simple Machines	A low temperature Stirling engine placed over a cup of hot water runs as heat flows from the water to the engine, demonstrating energy conversion from heat to mechanical motion.
The Spinning Can	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Energy, Force, Motion	A can with small angled holes near its base will spin when filled with water and suspended.
Three Energy Systems in the Body	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Energy, Sports Science	This lesson explores how the body produces energy through three different systems - the ATP-PC system, the glycolytic system, and the oxidative system. Students connect these systems to physical activities such as sprinting, weightlifting, and endurance exercise.
Allotropes of Sulfur	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Elements and Periodic Table, Polymers	When powdered sulfur is heated, it undergoes a series of changes in appearance and physical properties. Sulfur melts, becomes highly viscous as polymer chains form, then flows more freely at higher temperatures before eventually igniting. Quenching burning liquid sulfur in water produces a flexible, rubbery form of sulfur.
Gallium and Aluminium Can	★★★	★☆☆	★★☆	Elements and Periodic Table, Materials, Particles and States of Matter	When liquid gallium is applied to an aluminum can, it penetrates the aluminum’s grain boundaries and disrupts its crystal structure, making the can brittle and easy to puncture.
Hydrogen Balloon Explosion	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Elements and Periodic Table, Explosions, Gases	A helium-filled balloon and a hydrogen-filled balloon are ignited to compare their reactions. The helium balloon produces no reaction, while the hydrogen balloon explodes with a loud sound and flame, illustrating combustion and the differences in gas properties.
Iron in Cereal	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Elements and Periodic Table, Magnetism	Blend cereal with water to make a slurry, then pass it by a strong magnet to collect supplemental iron particles.
Making Chlorine Gas	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Elements and Periodic Table, Gases	Chlorine gas, a pale greenish-yellow substance, can be produced by reacting potassium permanganate with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Melting Gallium in Your Hand	★★★	★☆☆	★★☆	Elements and Periodic Table, Materials, Particles and States of Matter	Gallium, a metal with a melting point of 29.76 °C (85.6 °F), can melt in the palm of your hand. The demonstration shows how body heat is enough to turn solid gallium into a silvery liquid.
Preparing and Testing Hydrogen Gas	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Elements and Periodic Table, Gases	Hydrogen gas is produced when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid. The gas is collected over water and tested with a lit splint, which produces a distinctive ‘pop’ sound, confirming the presence of hydrogen.
Preparing and Testing Oxygen	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Elements and Periodic Table, Gases	Oxygen can be produced by decomposing hydrogen peroxide. The reaction is sped up by a manganese(IV) oxide catalyst. The gas can be tested with a glowing splint, which relights in oxygen.
Sodium in Water Explosion	★★★	★★★	★★★	Elements and Periodic Table, Explosions	A large chunk of sodium metal is added to a plastic bowl of water, it catches fire the explodes.
Black Light Fluorescence	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Light	Shine an ultraviolet (UV) “black light” on common items to reveal fluorescence. Students observe which materials glow and test mixtures (such as vitamins with vinegar) to explore how UV excitation produces visible light.
Breaking Glass with Sound	★★★	★★★	★★★	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Sound, Science Shows	A thin-walled wine glass can be shattered by sound if it is exposed to a tone at its natural resonant frequency. When the sound drives the glass strongly enough, vibrations build until the glass breaks.
Double Slit Experiment with Light	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Light	The double slit experiment with light shows how photons exhibit both wave and particle properties. A monochromatic light source passing through two slits produces an interference pattern on a screen, even when photons are sent one at a time.
Harmonic Knives	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Sound	This demonstration shows how a knife vibrates when struck and how holding it at different points changes the sound produced. By gripping the knife at a node, vibrations continue and produce a clear tone, while holding at an antinode dampens vibrations and creates a dull sound.
Measuring the Speed of Light With a Microwave	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Light	By heating a layer of marshmallows in a microwave without the rotating tray, you can observe melted spots that mark the peaks of a standing wave. Measuring the distance between these spots and combining it with the microwave’s frequency allows you to calculate the speed of light.
Radiometer	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Heat, Light	This demonstration shows how light energy can be transformed into both thermal and mechanical energy using a radiometer. The black sides of the vanes absorb more light and heat up more than the white sides. Air molecules striking the heated black surfaces gain more energy and rebound with greater force than those striking the white sides, causing the vanes to spin. A partial vacuum inside the bulb reduces resistance, making the effect easier to see.
Slinky Seismic Waves	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Plate Tectonics	This activity uses one or two slinkies to model how earthquakes generate P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves. The simple demonstration helps students visualize how energy travels through the Earth and why surface waves cause the most damage during earthquakes.
Slinky Waves	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Light, Sound	A stretched slinky can be used to model both longitudinal and transverse waves. By pushing or flicking one end of the slinky, students can see how wave energy travels through the coils.
Speed of Sound with a Resonance Tube	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Sound	Use a water-filled resonance tube and tuning forks to find two resonance lengths for each frequency. From these lengths, determine the wavelength and calculate the speed of sound in air, with or without an end correction.
Three Polarizing Filters	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Light	This demonstration shows that two crossed polarizers block all light, but inserting a third polarizer at 45° between them transmits light - an effect explained by polarization, state preparation, and superposition. It offers an accessible, visual introduction to quantum ideas using classical optics.
12V Car Battery Dissection	★★★	★★★	★★★	Electrochemistry	A car battery is a lead-acid electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It consists of lead plates and sulfuric acid electrolyte, which react to provide the current needed to start a vehicle and power its electrical systems.
Alkaline Battery Dissection	★★☆	★★★	★★★	Electrochemistry	This demonstration shows how to dissect a D cell alkaline battery to observe and extract its internal components, including zinc paste, potassium hydroxide electrolyte, and manganese dioxide. Students learn about battery structure and the role of each material in electrochemical reactions.
Copper Electroplating	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Electrochemistry, Mining and Resources	In this demonstration, a steel nail or other metallic object is coated with a thin layer of copper using an electric current. The copper ions in solution are attracted to the polarized nail, which acts as the cathode, resulting in a visible copper coating.
Electrolysis of Sodium Chloride (Brine)	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Electrochemistry, Gases, Oxidation and Reduction	Aqueous sodium chloride is electrolyzed with inert electrodes to produce hydrogen gas at the cathode, chlorine gas at the anode, and sodium hydroxide remaining in solution.
Hydrogen and Oxygen Exploding Bubbles	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Electrochemistry, Explosions, Gases	Electrolysis of dilute sulfuric acid produces hydrogen and oxygen gases, which are collected as soap bubbles. When ignited, the bubbles explode with a loud “crack,” demonstrating electrolysis, gas recombination, and energy changes.
Lead Storage Battery	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Electrochemistry, Energy	This experiment demonstrates how a lead storage battery works by constructing a simple lead-acid cell, charging it with a direct-current power supply, and then discharging it. It illustrates the reversible redox reactions that make rechargeable batteries possible.
Potato / Lemon Battery	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electrochemistry, Oxidation and Reduction, Energy	By inserting copper and zinc electrodes into a potato, you can create a simple battery.
The Daniell Cell	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electrochemistry	This demonstration shows how a Daniell cell generates electricity from chemical reactions between zinc and copper ions. A copper electrode in copper sulfate solution and a zinc electrode in zinc sulfate solution create a voltage that can be measured with a voltmeter or used to power a small device.
AC vs DC with a Bicolor LED	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Light	A bicolor LED connected to a circuit shows the difference between AC and DC power. With DC, the LED glows red or green depending on polarity, while with AC it alternates between colors at 60 Hz. Swinging the LED in a circle makes the rapid switching visible as a multicolored light ring.
Creating an Electromagnet	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Electricity, Magnetism	Insulated wire is wrapped around an iron nail and connected to a battery to create an electromagnet. Coil count and current are investigated using magnetic strength to pick up paperclips and move compasses.
Eddy Currents and Magnetic Damping	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Magnetism	When a conductor moves through a magnetic field, induced currents called eddy currents circulate within the material. According to Lenz’s law, these currents oppose the motion that produced them, creating drag known as magnetic damping. This effect is demonstrated with a pendulum swinging between magnet poles and has applications in braking, balances, and induction technologies.
Electromagnetic Induction	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Magnetism	A bar magnet moved through a solenoid induces a voltage, detected by an electrometer. This demonstrates Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, showing how changing magnetic flux generates an electromotive force (emf).
Electromagnetic Shielding with a Faraday Cage	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves	An AM/FM radio is placed inside a Faraday cage to demonstrate how the cage blocks electromagnetic waves, preventing the radio from receiving signals.
Electromagnetic Train	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Magnetism	This project demonstrates the link between electricity and magnetism by creating a simple electromagnetic “train.” A battery with magnets attached is placed inside a copper wire coil. When the circuit is completed, the magnetic fields interact and propel the train through the coil.
Electrostatic Deflection of a Water Stream	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electricity	A thin stream of water falling from a cup can be deflected by bringing a charged rod near it. The demonstration shows how the polar nature of water molecules causes them to be attracted to charged objects.
Energy Stick Human Circuit	★★★	★★☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Science Shows	The Energy Stick is a safe handheld circuit tester that lights up and buzzes when you complete a circuit by touching its electrodes. It demonstrates conductivity in people and materials, helping students explore conductors, insulators, and the idea of closed circuits.
Franklin’s Bells	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Electricity, Energy	A small conductive ball swings back and forth between two metal plates, alternately charging and discharging as it contacts each plate.
Franklin’s Bells With Van de Graaff Generator	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Electricity, Van de Graaff Generator	A small conductive ball swings back and forth between two metal plates, alternately charging and discharging as it contacts each plate.
Glowing Pickle	★★★	★★★	★★★	Electricity, Light, Nuclear Physics	When an electric current passes through a pickle, ions in the salty brine conduct electricity, exciting sodium atoms that emit a bright yellow glow. This demonstrates ionic conduction, atomic emission spectra, and electrolysis.
Home Made Electroscope	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Electricity	An electroscope is a simple device that detects electrical charge. By using common household materials such as a jar, paperclip, cardboard, and aluminum foil, you can build a working electroscope that demonstrates how charges move and repel each other.
Homemade Electrophorus	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Electricity	A simple electrophorus device made from a foam plate, aluminum pie plate, and other common materials demonstrates static electricity, voltage, positive and negative charges, resistance, and electron transfer.
Kettle Power	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Electricity, Energy	Two electric kettles of different power ratings (e.g., 1 kW and 3 kW) are compared to show how electrical power relates to the rate of energy transfer. The demonstration illustrates that the higher-power kettle boils water faster and reinforces the relationship P = IV.
LED Photocell	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Electricity, Light	An LED connected to a voltmeter generates a measurable voltage when illuminated by certain colors of light. White and green light produce a reading, but red light does not, showing that photon energy depends on frequency rather than brightness - evidence of light behaving as particles.
Lenz’s Law Tubes	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Magnetism	This demonstration shows Lenz’s Law using two similar cylinders, one magnetic and one non-magnetic, dropped through an aluminum tube. The magnetic cylinder falls much more slowly because eddy currents induced in the aluminum create a magnetic field opposing its motion.
Model Electric Bell	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Electricity, Magnetism	This demonstration models the principle of an electric bell using an electromagnet and a vibrating steel strip. When current flows through the coil, the strip is attracted, breaking the circuit. The strip then springs back, re-closing the circuit, and the cycle repeats to produce continuous vibration.
Ohm's Law	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Electricity	This demonstration uses a simple resistor circuit to verify the relationship ( V = IR ).
Rollback Can	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Energy, Motion	A weighted rubber band is suspended inside a can. Rolling the can forward twists the band and stores elastic potential energy; when the can stops, the band unwinds and drives the can to roll back.
Rolling a Soda Can With Static Electricity	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Force	A balloon rubbed on hair or fabric becomes charged with static electricity. When brought near an aluminium can lying on its side, the can rolls toward the balloon without being touched, demonstrating electrostatic attraction and the movement of charges in conductors.
Rope Loop Electric Circuit	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electricity	A rope loop passed around a circle of students models how electric circuits work. The teacher moving the rope represents the battery, while a student gripping the rope models a resistor or bulb. This activity helps students visualize current, energy transfer, and resistance in circuits.
Series and Parallel Circuits	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electricity	This investigation compares the brightness of bulbs when connected in series versus parallel. Students measure current and potential difference in each case to relate electrical quantities to observed brightness.
Simple Electric Motor	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Electricity, Magnetism, Motion	A simple electric motor is built using a coil of wire, a battery, paperclips, and strong magnets. The motor works by converting electrical energy into mechanical motion through the interaction of a magnetic field from a permanent magnet and a temporary magnetic field created by current flowing in the coil.
Static Electricity with Balloons	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Electricity	Balloons are charged by rubbing them on hair, causing them to attract or repel each other.
Tesla Coil Wireless Lighting	★★★	★★★	★★★	Electricity	A Tesla coil is used to light fluorescent tubes or neon lamps without any electrical connection, showing how high frequency alternating currents can transfer energy wirelessly.
Van de Graaff Pie Tins	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Electricity, Van de Graaff Generator	A stack of aluminum pie plates placed on top of a Van de Graaff generator’s dome will charge and repel each other. As the generator accumulates charge, the plates lift off one by one, demonstrating that like charges repel.
Bird Beak Adaptations Game	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Ecology and Ecosystems, Natural Selection and Evolution	Students use household tools to simulate bird beaks and compete for different types of “food.” By testing which beaks are best for which foods, players explore how beak shape is an adaptation for survival and how birds reduce competition by filling different ecological niches.
Candy Camouflage	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Ecology and Ecosystems, Natural Selection and Evolution	In this game, players act as predators hunting for M&M prey. Some candies are disguised with Skittles that represent poisonous animals. Through quick candy hunting, students discover how mimicry and camouflage help prey survive by tricking predators.
Compost in a Bottle	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Ecology and Ecosystems, Sustainability	This experiment creates a mini compost system inside a plastic bottle. By layering soil and organic waste, students can observe how microorganisms break down materials over time, producing nutrient-rich compost that can later be used to grow plants.
Ecosystem in a Bottle	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Ecology and Ecosystems, Plants, Water Cycle	Students create a self-contained bottle ecosystem using soil, rocks, seeds, and water. This hands-on activity models how living and nonliving components interact in ecosystems and illustrates the role of plants and the water cycle in maintaining balance.
Estimating Populations Using Quadrats	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Ecology and Ecosystems	A quadrat is a square frame used to isolate a sample area for ecological study. By randomly placing quadrats across a study site, scientists can estimate population sizes and measure biodiversity without counting every organism in the area.
Interactive Food Web Game	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Ecology and Ecosystems	Students simulate a food web using yarn and organism cards to demonstrate ecosystem interdependence. The activity highlights the effects of species extinction on the balance of an ecosystem.
Oh Deer! Population Game	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Ecology and Ecosystems	Students act as deer and habitat resources in a kinesthetic game that models population dynamics. The activity shows how food, water, and shelter limit population size and illustrates the concepts of carrying capacity and limiting factors.
Opposable Thumb Adaptation - Taping Thumbs	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Ecology and Ecosystems, Natural Selection and Evolution	This experiment demonstrates the importance of the opposable thumb in human evolution by restricting its use with tape. Students compare their ability to complete simple tasks, such as tying shoes, with and without their thumbs, highlighting how this adaptation supports daily activities.
Polar Bear Blubber Adaptations	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Ecology and Ecosystems, Natural Selection and Evolution	A thick layer of blubber helps polar bears and other Arctic animals stay warm in icy water. By using vegetable shortening inside a plastic bag, students can feel the insulating power of blubber firsthand.
Tragedy of the Commons Fishing Simulation	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Ecology and Ecosystems, Global Systems, Sustainability	This classroom simulation models the “Tragedy of the Commons” using colored marshmallows (or other small items) as fish. Students compete to maximize their catch but quickly discover that overfishing leads to resource collapse, while cooperation and restraint allow the population to replenish.
Winogradsky Column	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Ecology and Ecosystems, Microbiology	A Winogradsky column is a simple way to grow diverse microbes from mud in a transparent container. Over several weeks, microbes form colorful layers that reveal differences in metabolism, oxygen tolerance, and nutrient use, providing a living model of microbial communities.
Big Dry Ice Bubble	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	A bowl of water with dry ice is sealed with a soapy film that stretches into a giant bubble. As fog from the dry ice fills the bubble, it grows larger until it bursts.
Dry Ice Balloon	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	Pieces of dry ice are put inside a balloon causing it to inflate.
Dry Ice Bubble Tower	★★★	★☆☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	When dry ice is added to a soapy water solution in a tall cylinder, bubbles filled with fog stack on top of each other, creating a snake-like tower that spills over the sides.
Dry Ice Bubbles	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	A homemade dry ice bubble generator creates fog-filled bubbles that can be bounced on fabric or gloved hands without popping. The bubbles release a burst of fog when they finally break.
Dry Ice Carbonated Ice Cream	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dry Ice, Food Science and Nutrition	By mixing a simple ice cream base with dry ice, the mixture freezes rapidly while also becoming lightly carbonated.
Dry Ice Detergent Bubbles	★★★	★☆☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	Adding dry ice to warm soapy water produces a steady stream of fog-filled bubbles that overflow from the container. The bubbles are safe to touch and pop.
Dry Ice Film Canister Rocket	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	A film canister filled with water, food coloring, and a piece of dry ice builds up pressure as the solid carbon dioxide sublimates, launching the canister into the air and creating colorful splatter art.
Dry Ice Flame Extinguisher	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	A lit candle inside a cup goes out when dry ice is added. As the dry ice sublimates into carbon dioxide gas, it displaces oxygen around the flame, showing that fire needs oxygen to burn.
Dry Ice Fog	★★★	★☆☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	Dry ice is combined with hot water in a lidded bucket to generate a thick white fog that spills over the rim and creeps across the floor.
Dry Ice Frozen Bubbles	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	Blowing bubbles into a container with dry ice causes them to freeze solid. The bubbles can be picked up, examined, and will eventually thaw and pop as they warm.
Dry Ice Jack-O-Lantern	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dry Ice, Special Occasions	Placing dry ice and water inside a jack-o-lantern creates thick fog that spills out of its carved face, producing a spooky Halloween effect.
Dry Ice Singing Spoon	★★★	★☆☆	★★☆	Dry Ice	When a spoon or other metal object is pressed against dry ice, it produces a loud singing or screeching sound. This occurs because the dry ice sublimates rapidly, causing vibrations between the metal and the carbon dioxide gas.
Witches Cauldron with Dry Ice Fog	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dry Ice, Special Occasions	This Halloween demonstration uses dry ice and hot water in a cauldron-like container to produce a bubbling fog effect. The sublimation of dry ice creates dense white clouds that spill over the container’s edges, resembling a witch’s cauldron.
Chicken Wing Dissection	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	A whole chicken wing is skinned to reveal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and bones, then pull on tendons to see how they flex and extend the elbow and move the digits. Carefully expose the elbow joint to observe synovial fluid and articular cartilage, using the wing as a model for human arm anatomy and function.
Crayfish Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	Students dissect a preserved crayfish to investigate arthropod characteristics, including exoskeleton, jointed appendages, body segmentation, gills, and major organ systems. The activity emphasizes external identification, safe opening of the carapace and abdomen, and tracing digestive, circulatory, and reproductive structures.
Earthworm Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	This dissection introduces students to the anatomy of the earthworm, a segmented worm with well-developed digestive, circulatory, reproductive, excretory, and nervous systems. The activity highlights both external and internal features, making it an effective introduction to animal anatomy.
Fish Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	This dissection introduces students to the anatomy of bony fish. By examining both external and internal features, students learn how adaptations such as fins, gills, and swim bladders enable fish to move, breathe, feed, and survive in aquatic environments.
Flower Dissection	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Dissections, Plants, Reproduction	Students carefully take apart several fresh flowers to identify and compare major plant structures (stem, leaves, petals, stamen, pistil) and relate those parts to pollination and seed formation. Parts are sorted and labeled to compare within a species and across different flowers.
Grasshopper Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	Students dissect a preserved grasshopper to investigate external structures (head, thorax, abdomen, legs, wings, spiracles, eyes, antennae, mouthparts) and internal organs (digestive, respiratory, reproductive). The activity emphasizes insect body plans and relates structure to function using safe, scissors-first technique.
Lizard Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	Students dissect a garden lizard to examine reptilian anatomy and major systems. The activity emphasizes circulation, venous and arterial pathways, cranial nerves and brain, and the urinogenital system, linking structure to function in a terrestrial ectotherm.
Lung Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	Students explore the structure and function of lungs by dissecting real animal specimens. They observe the spongy texture, identify the trachea, bronchi, and blood vessels, and can inflate the lungs with a pump to see how they expand and contract during breathing.
Mouse Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	This dissection explores the external and internal anatomy of a mouse, focusing on identifying major organs from the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and urogenital systems. The activity highlights the structural features of mammalian organs and their functions.
Owl Pellet Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections, Ecology and Ecosystems	Students dissect owl pellets to uncover the bones and fur of the owl’s prey, reconstruct skeletons, and analyze what the owl has been eating. This hands-on activity teaches about predator-prey relationships, digestion, and food webs.
Pigeon Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	Students dissect a pigeon to examine avian adaptations for flight and respiration. The activity progresses from external features to major internal systems, including flight muscles, air sacs, digestive tract, circulatory pathways, cranial nerves, and the urinogenital system.
Rat Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	Students investigate the external and internal anatomy of a rat to learn how mammalian organ systems are structured and interconnected. The rat serves as a representative model for mammalian anatomy and physiology.
Sheep Brain Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections, The Brain and Nerves	Students examine a sheep brain to identify major external and internal structures. The activity includes removing the dura mater, separating hemispheres along the longitudinal fissure, and locating key features such as the corpus callosum, ventricles, colliculi, pineal gland, cerebellar arbor vitae, gyri, and sulci.
Snake Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	Students examine both the external and internal anatomy of a snake. The activity demonstrates how a snake’s specialized organs and structures support its ability to swallow prey whole, digest food efficiently, and survive in its environment.
Stingray Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Dissections	This dissection examines the internal and external anatomy of a stingray, a cartilaginous fish belonging to the class Chondrichthyes. Students identify organs that aid in movement, respiration, digestion, and reproduction, while learning how stingrays are adapted to their aquatic environment.
Culturing Bacteria	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Disease, Microbiology	Students grow bacteria on nutrient agar in Petri dishes by swabbing everyday surfaces and observing colony growth. The activity demonstrates the presence of microbes all around us and can be extended into a science fair project by testing antibacterial products.
Handshake Activity Disease Transmission	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Disease, Reproduction	This classroom activity demonstrates how easily infections (STIs) can spread by having students shake hands, representing sexual contact. A glove represents condom use, showing its protective effect against infection.
Luminous Powder Germ Spread	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Disease, Microbiology	A fluorescent or luminous powder is used with UV light to show how germs spread and to reveal areas of the hands that are often missed during handwashing. The demonstration highlights the importance of thorough cleaning for preventing contamination.
Mold Growth on Bread	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Disease, Microbiology	Students test how moisture affects mold growth on bread by comparing a dry slice with a moistened slice stored in sealed bags. Over time, they observe and record fungal growth, learning about decomposition and environmental factors influencing microbes.
Simulating a Sneeze	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Disease	Students simulate sneezing using a spray bottle filled with colored water to observe how far droplets travel and how infection spreads. They test different methods of covering a sneeze - no cover, covering with a hand, and covering with a tissue, to learn the most effective way to prevent the spread of microbes.
Simulating an Epidemic with GloGerm	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Disease	Students simulate the spread of an epidemic using GloGerm, a harmless fluorescent powder that glows under UV light. After a series of controlled handshakes, they trace the spread of infection through the group and attempt to identify patient zero.
Simulating Virus Transmission	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Disease	Students exchange clear solutions to represent contact with body fluids. A hidden “infected” sample (sodium hydroxide) reacts with phenolphthalein to produce a pink color, revealing which students have become “infected.” The activity ends with an epidemiology-style investigation to identify the original carrier.
Teaching Hand Washing with UV Light	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Disease, Lab Skills and Safety	Students apply a special hand wash training lotion that glows under UV light, then wash their hands. Areas that were not washed thoroughly will still glow, providing a visual demonstration of the importance of using soap and washing all parts of the hands.
Archimedes’ Principle	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy	This demonstration shows that the buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid equals the weight of the fluid displaced. By comparing aluminum and brass masses of equal weight, the difference in apparent weight loss reveals the effect of density on buoyant force.
Cartesian Diver	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy	A weighted pen lid or condiment packet placed in a sealed water-filled bottle floats or sinks depending on the pressure applied to the bottle.
Cracking an Egg Underwater	★☆☆	★★★	★★★	Density and Buoyancy, Pressure and Fluids, Food Science and Nutrition	When a raw egg is cracked open underwater at depth, the water pressure holds the egg white and yolk together in a jelly-like sphere. It resembles a floating sea creature and demonstrates how pressure and buoyancy act on fluids without a shell.
Density Tower	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy	Different household liquids are carefully poured into a jar to form distinct layers, each floating above the denser liquid below. This experiment visually demonstrates how density determines whether substances sink, float, or layer.
Floating Egg	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy, Food Science and Nutrition	This experiment demonstrates how adding salt to water changes its density. A raw egg sinks in plain water but floats in saltwater because the denser solution supports the egg.
Foil Boat vs Foil Ball Buoyancy	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy	A foil boat floats while a foil ball sinks because shape determines how much water is displaced. The foil boat’s open, wide form pushes aside more water, creating a buoyant force that balances its weight. The tightly packed foil ball displaces less water, so the buoyant force is too small to keep it afloat.
Hot Air Balloon	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy, Heat	This project demonstrates how hot air can make a lightweight plastic bag rise, using a hair dryer. The heated air fills the bag, making it less dense than the surrounding cooler air, which causes the bag to lift into the air.
Lake Stratification (Overturn) in a Jar	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy, Weather and Climate	Two jars of water at different temperatures are stacked mouth to mouth. With warm water on top the layers remain separated, but flipping the pair places cold water above warm and triggers rapid mixing that models seasonal lake overturn.
Sinking and Floating Soda Cans	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy, Food Science and Nutrition	This demonstration compares the buoyancy of regular and diet soda cans. Regular soda sinks in water because dissolved sugar makes it slightly denser than water, while diet soda floats because it uses a much smaller mass of artificial sweetener. Adding salt to the water increases its density so that even the regular soda can floats.
Sinking Ice Cube	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Density and Buoyancy	Two beakers contain clear, colorless liquids - water and ethyl alcohol. An ice cube floats in the water but sinks in the alcohol because of the lower density of ethanol.
Sinking Orange Floating Peel	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy	Two oranges are placed in water—one with the peel and one without. Surprisingly, the heavier orange with its peel floats while the lighter, peeled orange sinks. The porous peel traps air, reducing the orange’s density and allowing it to float.
Water Salinity and Density	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Density and Buoyancy, Sustainability, Water Cycle	Salt water and fresh water can form distinct layers due to differences in density. By testing with an egg and layering colored water, students can observe how salinity affects whether water sinks, floats, or mixes.
Borax Crystal Snowflakes	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Crystals, Water and Solubility	Make snowflake ornaments from pipe cleaners by growing borax crystals from a hot, supersaturated solution. Compare color methods (colored pipe cleaners, food coloring, or post-painting with watercolors) and observe how crystals form and how color moves through the crystal structure.
Copper Sulfate Crystals	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Crystals, Water and Solubility	A perfect seed crystal is grown in a shallow dish, then suspend the seed in a saturated, undisturbed solution so it enlarges slowly into a clear, well-formed single crystal. Careful control of saturation, evaporation, and disturbances is the key to size and quality.
Epsom Salt Crystals	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Crystals	Dissolve magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (“Epsom salts”) in very hot water to make a saturated solution, then pour into shallow dishes and let cool undisturbed so long, slender crystals grow. Compare growth at room temperature versus in a refrigerator and extend the activity using seed crystals.
Evaporating Seawater	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Crystals, Separating Mixtures, Water Cycle	Dissolve table salt in warm water to make a saturated solution, then leave the solution in a shallow container for days. As water evaporates, the remaining liquid becomes supersaturated and salt recrystallizes on the dish and along the waterline.
Grow Egg Geodes	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Crystals, Rocks	Empty and clean eggshell halves are coated with glue and alum powder, then soaked in a hot, colored alum solution so clear alum crystals grow inside the shells, forming geode-like ornaments within a day.
Growing Crystals on String	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Crystals	Dissolve table salt (or epsom salts) in warm water until no more will dissolve, then suspend a paper-clip “seed” on a string into the solution and leave it undisturbed for about a week. As water slowly evaporates, the solution becomes supersaturated and sodium chloride crystallizes, often as tiny cubes on the seed.
Making Light by Rubbing Quartz	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Crystals, Light, Rocks	In a dark room, rub or strike two pieces of clear quartz together to produce brief flashes of light and a faint odor. This visible glow is triboluminescence - light emitted when crystals are stressed, fractured, or rubbed.
Rock Candy	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Crystals, Water and Solubility, Food Science and Nutrition	Dissolve sugar into hot water until it forms a supersaturated solution, then suspend sugar-coated sticks in jars to grow edible sugar crystals over several days. Color or flavor can be added to make decorative, tasty rock candy.
Salt Crystal Garden	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Crystals	Grow delicate salt crystal structures on a porous base by wicking a salty bluing solution upward and letting it evaporate. Optional ammonia speeds evaporation, while the bluing particles act as nucleation sites that help crystals form quickly.
Silver Nitrate Christmas Tree	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Crystals, Oxidation and Reduction, Special Occasions	Branching silver crystals are grown on a copper “tree” by immersing the copper in a dilute silver nitrate solution. A single-displacement redox reaction plates metallic silver onto the copper while the solution turns blue from copper(II) ions.
Crystallization of Sodium Acetate	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Crystals, Water and Solubility	A hot, concentrated solution of sodium acetate trihydrate is cooled quietly to create a supersaturated liquid. When poured onto seed crystals, it crystallizes instantly to build a warm, solid tower.
Ionic Cut and Match	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Compounds	Students cut out cards showing cations, anions, and compound formulas, then match them correctly. This reinforces naming rules and helps students practice writing and recognizing ionic compounds.
Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Chloride	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Compounds, Particles and States of Matter, Lab Skills and Safety	Ammonium chloride, when heated, undergoes decomposition into hydrogen chloride and ammonia gasses, before reforming when cool. The process appears similar to sublimation and deposition.
Acetylene From Calcium Carbide	★★★	★★★	★★★	Combustion, Gases	Acetylene gas is generated by reacting calcium carbide with hydrochloric acid.
Burning Steel Wool with a 9 Volt Battery	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Combustion, Electricity, Heat	In this experiment, fine-grade steel wool is ignited using a 9-volt battery. When the steel fibers complete the circuit, they heat up and react with oxygen in the air, producing glowing sparks and forming iron oxide. This demonstrates that metals, like iron, can burn under the right conditions.
Energy in Food	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Combustion, Thermochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition	A small piece of dry food is burned beneath a boiling tube containing water, and the rise in water temperature is measured. From this, the approximate energy released is calculated.
Fire Tornado	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Combustion, Global Systems, Weather and Climate, Science Shows	This dramatic demonstration shows how a spinning column of fire can be created using a rotating screen cylinder and a flame source. It models the dangerous fire tornadoes that occur in extreme wildfires when hot air updrafts combine with swirling winds.
Flaming Gummy Bear	★★★	★★★	★★★	Combustion, Oxidation and Reduction, Thermochemistry	A gummy bear (or sugar sweet) is dropped into molten potassium chlorate, which decomposes to release oxygen. The sugar rapidly combusts, producing heat, light, gas, and a dramatic flame.
Hydrogen Mini Rocket	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Combustion, Explosions, Gases	Hydrogen and oxygen gases are produced in the lab through chemical reactions, then combined and ignited to propel a small rocket across the room. The demonstration highlights multiple types of chemical reactions: double replacement, decomposition, combustion, and synthesis.
Lycopodium Powder Fireball	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Combustion, Explosions, Reaction Rate, Science Shows	Lycopodium powder, when ignited in a pile, burns slowly due to limited oxygen contact. When dispersed as a fine dust cloud and ignited, the vastly increased surface area causes rapid combustion, producing a dramatic fireball or small explosion.
Non-Burning Money	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Combustion, Heat, Science Shows	A dollar bill or paper soaked in a 50/50 alcohol-water solution is ignited. The alcohol burns brightly, but the bill remains unharmed because the water absorbs the heat and prevents the paper from reaching its ignition temperature.
Split Flame With Gauze	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Combustion, Heat	A Bunsen burner flame is interrupted with a piece of wire gauze. The gas burns only above the gauze, not below it. This demonstrates how the gauze conducts heat away, preventing ignition below, while hot vapors reignite above the mesh.
Travelling Flame	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Combustion	When a candle is blown out, the rising smoke contains vaporized wax. Bringing a flame into the smoke can ignite the vapor, causing the flame to travel down the smoke trail and relight the candle wick.
Whoosh Bottle	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Combustion, Explosions	A small amount of alcohol is vaporized inside a large plastic jug and ignited at the opening, producing a dramatic “whoosh” sound and a burst of blue flame.
Blue Bottle Experiment	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Colour Changes, Equilibrium, Oxidation and Reduction	In the Blue Bottle Experiment, a solution of glucose, potassium hydroxide, and methylene blue alternates between colorless and blue when shaken.
Chemical Traffic Light	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Colour Changes, Oxidation and Reduction, Reaction Rate	The Chemical Traffic Light experiment demonstrates reversible redox reactions using glucose, sodium hydroxide, and indigo carmine. The solution transitions through a sequence of colors (blue → green → red → yellow) and can be reset by shaking, as oxygen from the air re-oxidizes the indicator.
Color Changing Walking Water	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Colour Changes, Fluids and Surface Tension, Light	Cups filled with colored water are connected by folded paper towels. The water climbs up the paper towels and travels into empty cups through capillary action. As the colors mix in the empty cups, a rainbow effect is created.
Color Changing Water	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Colour Changes, Light, Senses and Perception	A glass of blue-colored water is placed inside a bowl, and the bowl is then filled with yellow-colored water. When looking through the bowl, the overlapping yellow and blue liquids appear green, even though the water in each container stays its original color.
Dry ice Rainbow Colors	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Colour Changes, Dry Ice	When dry ice is added to indicator solutions, the solid carbon dioxide sublimates, producing bubbles and fog that look like boiling. As carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms carbonic acid, lowering the pH and causing the indicator solutions to change color dramatically from their basic to acidic forms.
Vanadium Oxidation States	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Colour Changes, Elements and Periodic Table, Oxidation and Reduction	This experiment demonstrates the multiple oxidation states of vanadium by producing vivid colors (yellow, green, blue, dark-green, and purple) in a single solution. Starting from vanadium pentoxide, vanadium compounds are reduced with zinc and then re-oxidized with potassium permanganate, creating a reversible rainbow of colors.
Build a Phylogenetic Tree	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Classification, Natural Selection and Evolution	In this activity, students learn how to construct a cladogram, a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships based on shared derived characteristics. Using a set of organisms and their traits, students identify synapomorphies (shared derived traits) and automorphies (unique traits), then use this information to build and interpret a cladogram.
Candy Classification	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Classification	Students practice classification by sorting different types of candy into groups based on shared traits, creating a dichotomous key that leads to the identification of each candy type. This models how scientists classify living things.
Classification Card Sorting	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Classification	Students use a set of organism cards, representing all five kingdoms and the three domains, to explore how organisms are classified. The activity sparks discussion about differences between classification systems, challenges in distinguishing groups, and why the three-domain system is more widely used today.
Classification With Finger Puppets	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Classification	Students use animal finger puppets to design and test simple dichotomous keys. By asking yes/no questions that separate organisms by visible traits, they practice classification and scientific questioning.
OneZoom Tree of Life Explorer	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Classification, Ecology and Ecosystems, Natural Selection and Evolution	The OneZoom Tree of Life Explorer is an interactive visualization that displays the evolutionary relationships between over two million species. Each leaf represents a species, while the branching structure shows how all life shares common ancestors across billions of years.
Phylogenetic game	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Classification, Natural Selection and Evolution	Students role-play as organisms and ancestors to collaboratively construct a phylogenetic tree. By analyzing shared and derived traits, they work together to visualize evolutionary relationships and explain how species are connected through common ancestry.
Rock Testing and Classification	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Classification, Mining and Resources, Rocks	Students test rock samples for properties such as hardness, luster, texture, porosity, and reactivity. They record observations, classify each sample as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic, and connect their findings to real-world engineering challenges.
Ammonium Dichromate Volcano	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Chemical Reactions, Oxidation and Reduction	A small mound of ammonium dichromate is ignited so it decomposes with sparks and a dramatic color change from bright orange crystals to dark green chromium(III) oxide, resembling a miniature volcano.
Baking Soda and Vinegar Volcano	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Chemical Reactions, Rocks	A cone-shaped volcano model is built around a bottle. A mixture of bicarbonate of soda, water, and washing-up liquid is placed inside, and vinegar with food coloring is added to create a foamy eruption that resembles lava flow.
Blowing Up a Balloon with Baking Soda and Vinegar	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Chemical Reactions, Gases	When baking soda inside a balloon is released into vinegar in a bottle, an acid-base reaction produces carbon dioxide gas. The gas expands and inflates the balloon without using air from your lungs.
Burning Magnesium Ribbon	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Combustion, Elements and Periodic Table	A strip of magnesium ribbon, when ignited, burns with an intense white flame, producing magnesium oxide. The reaction is highly exothermic and demonstrates how metals can react vigorously with oxygen.
Burning Paper with Ice	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Chemical Reactions, Oxidation and Reduction	Tissue paper (or another combustible material) is ignited using a chip of ice. The ice melts, releasing water, which reacts with sodium peroxide to produce sodium hydroxide, oxygen, and heat.
Candle and Water Rising	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Combustion, Heat	When a burning candle is covered with an inverted container standing in water, the candle eventually goes out and the water rises inside the container.
Cannon Fire Reaction	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Chemical Reactions, Combustion, Explosions, Oxidation and Reduction	Hydrogen peroxide reacts with potassium permanganate to generate bursts of oxygen that make a burning ethanol mixture crack, pop, and roar like cannon fire; adding a metal salt can color the flame.
Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Chemical Reactions, Combustion, Gases	Baking soda and vinegar react to produce carbon dioxide gas, which is then poured over lit candles to extinguish the flames. This models how fire extinguishers use gases to smother fire.
Carbon Sugar Snake	★★★	★★☆	★★★	Chemical Reactions, Combustion, Compounds, Kitchen Chemistry	A mixture of sugar and baking soda is ignited with lighter fluid on a sand base, producing an expanding black "snake" of carbon and sodium carbonate as gases from decomposition push the solid upward.
Chemical Sunset	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Colour Changes, Reaction Rate	When sodium thiosulfate reacts with hydrochloric acid, colloidal sulfur particles form. As the particles grow, they scatter shorter wavelengths of visible light and transmit longer wavelengths, producing a sunset-like sequence of colors when projected with an overhead projector.
Dichromate Breathalyzer	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Organic Chemistry, Oxidation and Reduction	An orange chromic acid (or Acidified Dichromate) reagent is added to two cylinders, one with water and one with ethanol. The water sample stays orange, while ethanol is oxidized to acetic acid and the chromium(VI) reagent is reduced to green chromium(III).
Disappearing X Reaction	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Reaction Rate	Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium thiosulfate to produce sulfur, sulfur dioxide, and sodium chloride. As sulfur forms, the solution becomes cloudy. The time taken for a marked “X” beneath the beaker to disappear is used to measure reaction rate at different concentrations of sodium thiosulfate, allowing the order of the reaction to be determined.
Glow Sticks at Different Temperatures	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Reaction Rate, Light	Glow sticks glow due to chemiluminescence, a chemical reaction that releases light. Cold slows the reaction, producing a dimmer glow, while heat speeds it up, making the glow brighter but shorter-lived.
Glowstick Dissection	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Chemical Reactions, Energy, Light	This demonstration explores the chemical reaction inside glowsticks by dissecting them and using their contents to create glowing artwork. Students learn about chemiluminescence and reaction rates while experimenting with color, brightness, and duration of glow.
Golden Rain	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Compounds, Crystals	Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form a bright yellow precipitate of lead iodide. When heated, the precipitate dissolves in hot water, but as the solution cools, thin hexagonal crystals fall out of solution like golden flakes, creating the “golden rain” effect.
Iodine Clock	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Colour Changes, Reaction Rate	Two clear solutions are mixed, and after a short delay the mixture suddenly turns deep blue. The timing of the color change depends on concentration and temperature, making this a classic demonstration of chemical kinetics.
Lead Iodide Precipitation	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Colour Changes, Water and Solubility	When aqueous lead(II) nitrate reacts with aqueous potassium iodide, a double displacement reaction occurs. Potassium nitrate remains dissolved, while lead(II) iodide precipitates as a bright yellow solid.
Lemon Juice Invisible Ink	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Colour Changes, Science Shows	Lemon juice is used to write a hidden message that becomes visible when heated with an iron.
Luminol Chemiluminescence	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Oxidation and Reduction, Light	When luminol is mixed with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium hydroxide and potassium ferricyanide, a blue glow is produced. This reaction demonstrates chemiluminescence, where chemical energy is converted directly into light energy without heat.
Making Soap	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Organic Chemistry	Coconut oil is combined with sodium hydroxide to undergo saponification and produce soap. The crude soap is then purified through salt precipitation to lower its pH and remove impurities, resulting in a safe and usable bar of soap.
Snowstorm in a Jar	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Chemical Reactions, Fluids and Surface Tension, Density and Buoyancy, Special Occasions	Layer a water–paint mixture beneath baby oil and start an acid–base reaction with pieces of effervescent tablet. Carbon dioxide bubbles lift painty water droplets up through the oil; when bubbles burst, the droplets fall like snow.
Sodium in Water	★★★	★★★	★★★	Chemical Reactions, Combustion, Elements and Periodic Table, Thermochemistry	A pea-sized piece of sodium metal is placed on water, where it reacts exothermically to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Heat from the reaction can ignite the hydrogen, and a pH indicator shows the solution becoming alkaline.
Solid Lead Nitrate and Potassium Iodide	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Colour Changes, Compounds	When lead nitrate and potassium iodide powders are combined and shaken, they undergo a double displacement reaction to produce yellow lead iodide.
Steel Wool and Vinegar Exothermic Reaction	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Chemical Reactions, Thermochemistry	This experiment shows how rusting, a type of oxidation reaction, can release heat. When steel wool is soaked in vinegar, its protective coating is removed, allowing the iron to react more readily with oxygen. The oxidation produces heat, making this an example of an exothermic reaction.
Sugar and Sulfuric Acid Carbon Snake	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Compounds, Elements and Periodic Table	Concentrated sulfuric acid is added to sugar, causing a vigorous dehydration and oxidation reaction. The mixture heats up and produces steam, carbon dioxide, and a growing black column of carbon that resembles a snake rising from the container.
Thermite	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Chemical Reactions, Oxidation and Reduction, Science Shows	The thermite reaction produces molten iron by reducing iron(III) oxide with aluminum powder. Once ignited, the highly exothermic reaction releases intense heat and light, creating a dramatic classroom demonstration of redox chemistry.
Thermite Spheres	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Reactions, Oxidation and Reduction	Two rusty iron spheres wrapped in aluminum foil are struck together to initiate a redox reaction. The reaction releases energy in the form of a popping noise and sparks, demonstrating the principles of thermite chemistry in a controlled and safe way.
Burning Steel Wool Increases Its Mass	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Quantities and Calculations, Combustion, Measurement and Units	When steel wool is ignited, it reacts with oxygen in the air to form iron oxide. Surprisingly, the mass of the steel wool increases after burning because oxygen atoms from the air combine with the iron atoms.
Molecular Mass of Butane	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Chemical Quantities and Calculations, Gases	Butane from a lighter is collected in an inverted water-filled graduated cylinder. The mass of the lighter before and after gas release is used to find the gas mass. Using the ideal gas law, the number of moles of butane is determined and its molar mass is calculated.
Conservation of Mass with Baking Soda and Vinegar	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Chemical Quantities and Calculations, Chemical Reactions, Measurement and Units	This experiment shows that matter is not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. When baking soda reacts with vinegar, carbon dioxide gas inflates a balloon, and the total mass before and after the reaction remains nearly the same.
Limiting Reactant	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Chemical Quantities and Calculations, Measurement and Units	Balloons filled with different amounts of baking soda are attached to flasks containing vinegar, producing varying amounts of carbon dioxide gas.
Performing a Titration	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Chemical Quantities and Calculations, Measurement and Units	A standard solution in a buret is added to an unknown solution in a flask until the reaction reaches its endpoint, signaled by an indicator color change (or pH jump). Initial and final buret readings are used to calculate the unknown molarity.
Stoichiometry in Combustion of Acetylene	★★★	★★★	★★★	Chemical Quantities and Calculations	Calcium carbide reacts with water to produce acetylene gas, which can be ignited to demonstrate combustion. By varying the ratio of acetylene to oxygen in test tubes, the experiment illustrates limiting reagents, incomplete vs. complete combustion, and stoichiometric balance.
Use of Volumetric Pipette	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Chemical Quantities and Calculations, Lab Skills and Safety, Measurement and Units	Correct technique for using a glass volumetric pipette.
Using a Burette	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Chemical Quantities and Calculations, Lab Skills and Safety, Measurement and Units	A buret is a precise laboratory instrument used to deliver measured volumes of liquid. By reading the initial and final liquid levels, the exact volume dispensed can be calculated to a high degree of accuracy.
Using Volumetric Flasks	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Chemical Quantities and Calculations, Lab Skills and Safety	Volumetric flasks are precision glassware designed for preparing exact solution volumes, most often used for making dilutions and standard solutions. They allow accurate adjustment of a liquid to a single graduation mark, ensuring reliable concentrations for laboratory testing.
Visualizing the Mole	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Chemical Quantities and Calculations	Students are shown weighed-out samples of different elements or compounds, each containing one mole of particles. This demonstration helps learners grasp the enormous scale of Avogadro’s number (6.022 × 10^23) by connecting it to tangible amounts of substances.
Agar Cubes Diffusion	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Cells and Microscopes	Agar cubes infused with a pH indicator model how diffusion occurs in cells. When the cubes are placed in vinegar, hydrogen ions diffuse inward, changing the cube’s color. By comparing cubes of different sizes, students see how surface area-to-volume ratio impacts diffusion efficiency and why larger cells face transport challenges.
Build a Cell	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes	Students create models of plant and animal cells by cutting out and labeling cell parts, gluing them together, and learning about their functions. The activity reinforces understanding of cell structures, their roles, and differences between plant and animal cells.
DNA Extraction From Kiwi Fruit	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes, Genetics and DNA, Forensics	This experiment demonstrates how DNA can be extracted from fruit cells, such as from kiwi fruit. The DNA becomes visible as strands at the boundary between the fruit extract and chilled ethanol.
Egg Yolk Cell Membrane	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes	Water, oil, and egg yolk to model how cell membranes form and function. The interaction shows how membranes act as barriers, keeping environments separate while allowing cells to exist and replicate.
Exploring Pond Water with a Microscope	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Cells and Microscopes, Ecology and Ecosystems, Microbiology	Students collect pond water samples and prepare microscope slides to observe microorganisms such as algae, protozoa, rotifers, and tiny crustaceans. The activity demonstrates biodiversity and introduces microscopy techniques for studying aquatic ecosystems.
Gram Staining	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Cells and Microscopes, Microbiology	Gram staining is a widely used technique in microbiology to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. By applying a series of stains and washes, students observe differences in bacterial cell walls that cause some cells to appear purple (Gram-positive) and others pink (Gram-negative) under the microscope.
Hair Sample Analysis	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes, Forensics	Students act as forensic scientists by examining hair samples collected from suspects and a crime scene. Using magnifying tools, they compare features such as color, thickness, and curliness to identify the most likely suspect.
Human Cheek Cells Under Microscope	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Cells and Microscopes	Students collect a sample of their own cheek cells, prepare a wet mount slide, stain the cells with methylene blue or iodine, and observe cell structures such as the nucleus, membrane, and cytoplasm under a microscope.
Limp Celery	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes, Plants	Celery pieces are soaked in salt water and fresh water to show how water moves in or out of plant cells by osmosis, changing texture from rigid to limp.
Mitosis in Onion Root Cells	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes, Genetics and DNA, Reproduction	Students use digitized images of onion root tips to identify different stages of the cell cycle. By counting the number of cells in each stage, they estimate how much time cells spend in interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Naked Egg Osmosis	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes	An egg with its shell dissolved in vinegar (a “naked egg”) demonstrates osmosis. In water, the egg swells as water enters through the semi-permeable membrane. In corn syrup, the egg shrinks as water leaves the egg.
Observing Yogurt Bacteria	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Cells and Microscopes, Microbiology, Food Science and Nutrition	Students prepare microscope slides of live yogurt cultures to observe probiotic bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Streptococcus.
Onion Root Tip Mitosis	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes, Genetics and DNA, Plants, Reproduction	This experiment demonstrates mitosis by preparing and observing stained onion root tip cells under a compound microscope. Students identify the stages of mitosis while understanding why onion root tips are suitable for studying active cell division.
Osmosis and Diffusion with Dialysis Tubing	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Cells and Microscopes	Dialysis tubing is filled with a starch-glucose solution and placed in iodine solution. The starch remains inside, glucose diffuses out, and iodine diffuses in, showing that small molecules can cross the semi-permeable membrane while larger molecules cannot.
Shrink a Potato with Osmosis	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes	Potato strips are soaked in salt solutions of different concentrations to observe size and flexibility changes caused by osmosis across cell membranes. Measurements before and after soaking reveal whether water moved into or out of the potato cells.
Using a Microscope	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes	Students learn how to properly use a microscope to observe prepared slides of plant and animal cells. They practice focusing under low and high power and record biological diagrams of what they see.
Viewing Onion Cells	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes	Students prepare a microscope slide using a thin layer of onion epidermis, stain it with food coloring or iodine, and observe the cell structures such as the cell wall, nucleus, and cytoplasm under different magnifications.
Wet Mount Microscope Slide	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Cells and Microscopes, Lab Skills and Safety	A wet mount slide allows you to observe living cells or microorganisms in a drop of liquid under a microscope. It is a simple and quick method, but requires careful handling to avoid air bubbles and excess liquid.
Detecting Fake Blood with Luminol	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Catalysts, Forensics	A luminol solution (luminol + sodium hydroxide + hydrogen peroxide) can be used to reveal “fake” blood stains made from blood meal fertilizer. The demo compares a control surface to areas stained with a blood-meal slurry and documents the chemiluminescent glow in the dark.
Elephant's Toothpaste	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Catalysts, Chemical Reactions, Reaction Rate	30% hydrogen peroxide is added to a potassium iodide catalyst, detergent and food colouring, and oxygen bubbles rapidly produce a foam.
Genie in a Bottle	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Catalysts, Chemical Reactions, Elements and Periodic Table, Science Shows	When manganese dioxide is added to concentrated hydrogen peroxide, it rapidly decomposes into water and oxygen gas. The escaping oxygen propels a mist of water out of the container, creating the dramatic effect of a “genie” emerging from the bottle.
Oscillating Clock Reaction	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Catalysts, Chemical Reactions, Colour Changes, Science Shows	The Briggs-Rauscher reaction is a dramatic oscillating chemical reaction in which a solution alternates between amber and blue-black colors several times before settling into a final dark-blue state. The color changes are caused by the interplay of iodine species, hydrogen peroxide, malonic acid, starch, and a manganese catalyst.
Pineapple Enzymes and Geletin	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Catalysts, Enzymes and Digestion, Food Science and Nutrition	Bromelain in fresh pineapple prevents jelly from setting by digesting the gelatine protein.
Sweet Cracker	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Catalysts, Enzymes and Digestion, Food Science and Nutrition	The enzyme amylase in saliva breaks down starch into sugar. A cracker initially tastes bland, but the longer it is chewed, the sweeter it becomes as starch is converted to glucose.
Bell Jar Breathing Model	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Body Systems, Respiration and Photosynthesis	A bell jar model can be used to demonstrate how breathing works by showing how changes in chest cavity volume and pressure cause air to move in and out of the lungs. Pulling on a rubber sheet represents diaphragm contraction (inhalation), while pushing it up represents diaphragm relaxation (exhalation).
Blood Flow and Artery Constriction	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Body Systems, The Brain and Nerves	This demonstration models how artery size affects blood flow. Water dyed red to represent blood flows through tubes of different diameters, showing that narrower arteries restrict flow and increase resistance, similar to what happens in the human body when vessels are constricted.
Blood Model in a Bottle	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Body Systems, Science Shows	This activity creates a model of blood inside a bottle using food coloring, cereals, marshmallows, and pom poms to represent plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It helps students visualize the different components of blood and their functions.
Build a Model Lung	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Body Systems, Respiration and Photosynthesis	This demonstration uses balloons, straws, and a plastic bottle to create a working model of the lungs and diaphragm. Pulling on the bottom balloon increases the chest cavity volume, causing the lung balloons to inflate, while releasing it decreases the volume, causing them to deflate.
Carbon Dioxide in Breath	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Body Systems, Respiration and Photosynthesis, Sports Science	This experiment compares the carbon dioxide content of inhaled and exhaled air by passing a person’s breath through tubes into test solutions. Limewater is used to detect carbon dioxide, showing the difference between inhaled and exhaled air.
DIY Robot Hand	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Body Systems, Sports Science	This activity demonstrates how tendons work in the human hand by creating a cardboard model where strings act like tendons and beads simulate finger control. Pulling the strings bends the cardboard fingers, showing how muscles and tendons work together to create movement.
Easy Heart Pump Model	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Body Systems, Special Occasions	This demonstration uses a balloon, jar, and straws to create a simple model that mimics how the heart pumps blood through the body. The balloon acts as the heart muscle, and the straws represent blood vessels, showing one-way flow similar to valves in the heart.
Fetal Pig Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Body Systems, Dissections	Students explore a fetal pig to identify major external features and dissect internal systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, and reproductive). Colored latex in vessels and stepwise incisions help reveal organ relationships and fetal circulatory adaptations.
Frog Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Body Systems, Dissections	Students examine a preserved frog to identify major external features and internal organs of the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems. The activity builds skill with dissection tools while linking structure to function across body systems.
Heart Rate Recovery	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Body Systems, Sports Science	Heart rate recovery (HRR) is the decrease in heart rate after stopping exercise, typically measured one minute post-exercise. It reflects how quickly the heart and autonomic nervous system return to baseline and is used to assess cardiovascular health and risk of future heart disease.
Human Reflexes	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Body Systems, Sports Science	These demonstrations show how the nervous system controls involuntary reflexes such as the knee-jerk, pupil response, and blinking.
Kidney Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Body Systems, Dissections	Students examine a preserved mammalian kidney to identify external landmarks and internal structures that move urine from nephrons to the ureter. The dissection links organ anatomy to functions in filtration, fluid balance, and waste removal.
Making Poo: Modeling the Digestive System	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Body Systems, Enzymes and Digestion, Food Science and Nutrition	Students create a hands-on model of the digestive system using everyday materials to show how food is broken down, nutrients are absorbed, and waste is excreted as poo. This activity helps students visualize and understand the stages of digestion and the role of each organ.
Mouse Trap Muscle Contraction	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Body Systems	A mousetrap is used to demonstrate the all-or-none principle of muscle contraction. Just like a muscle fiber, the trap either snaps fully or not at all when triggered by a stimulus.
Pig Heart Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Body Systems, Dissections	Use a preserved pig heart to identify external landmarks and internal chambers, valves, and vessels. Trace the path of blood through the right and left sides to connect structure with one-way flow and double circulation.
Shark Dissection	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Body Systems, Dissections	Students dissect a preserved dogfish shark to examine external features, muscular organization, and the major systems of a cartilaginous fish. The investigation includes identifying fins and sensory structures, exposing trunk and head muscles, opening the body cavity to trace digestive and circulatory organs, locating urogenital features, and optionally revealing the brain.
Simulated Blood Typing	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Body Systems, Genetics and DNA, Forensics	Students use a simulated blood typing kit to identify the ABO and Rh blood groups of synthetic blood samples. The activity demonstrates how agglutination reactions work in real blood typing while remaining completely safe.
Atomic Spectra With a Diffraction Grating	★★☆	★★★	★★★	Atoms, Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Nuclear Physics	Using a diffraction grating and a gas discharge tube, you can observe the unique emission lines of different elements. These distinct line patterns reveal the quantized energy levels of electrons in atoms.
Cloud Chamber	★★★	★★★	★★★	Atoms, Nuclear Physics	A cloud chamber makes it possible to see the invisible tracks of cosmic rays and other charged particles as they pass through alcohol vapor. Using dry ice and isopropanol, students can build a detector that reveals trails left by subatomic particles.
Flame Tests	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Atoms, Elements and Periodic Table	Different metal ions produce characteristic flame colors when their solutions are heated in a flame.
Making Marshmallow Molecules	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Atoms, Compounds	This activity uses colored marshmallows and toothpicks to model atoms, molecules, and compounds. By assembling marshmallows to represent different elements and connecting them with toothpicks as covalent bonds, students can visualize how atoms combine to form molecules and chemical structures.
Methanol Flame Colors	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Atoms, Combustion, Elements and Periodic Table	Metal salts are heated in burning methanol to produce vivid flame colors that correspond to electronic transitions in their ions.
Balloon Expanding Universe	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space	This demonstration uses a balloon with stickers or dots to represent galaxies and drawn waves to represent light. As the balloon inflates, the galaxies move farther apart and the waves stretch, modeling how the universe expands and how lightwaves are redshifted over cosmic distances.
Colour and Temperature of Stars	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Astronomy and Space, Light	A lamp connected to a variable resistor demonstrates how the color of light changes with temperature, helping to explain why cooler stars appear red while hotter stars shine white or blue.
Coriolis Effect Balloon	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, Weather and Climate	This activity models the Coriolis effect using a rotating balloon to represent Earth. Students attempt to draw straight lines from the poles toward the equator while the balloon spins, showing how Earth’s rotation makes paths appear to curve. The demonstration helps explain the deflection of winds, ocean currents, and large weather systems.
Doppler Ball	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Sound	A Doppler ball contains a speaker that emits a constant tone. When the ball is thrown or swung on a string, the pitch of the sound changes due to the Doppler Effect, demonstrating how relative motion alters perceived frequency.
Doppler Effect with Water Waves	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves, Light, Sound	The Doppler Effect can be modeled using water waves. When a source of ripples moves through still water, the wavefronts bunch up in front of the moving source and spread out behind, showing how relative motion affects wave frequency.
Dry Ice Comet	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Astronomy and Space, Dry Ice	Dry ice is combined with water, dirt, and other ingredients to make a model comet. The mixture forms an icy clump that produces jets of gas when exposed to light and heat, simulating how real comets behave near the sun.
Earth's Tile and the Seasons	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, Weather and Climate	The Earth’s tilt and orbit around the Sun is modelled with a globe and lamp to investigate why seasons occur. By observing changes in day length, sun angle, and heating effects at different latitudes, students explore how axial tilt causes the seasons.
Elastic Band Universe	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space	This demonstration models the expansion of the Universe using a rubber band with dots or washers to represent galaxies. As the band is stretched, all the dots move apart, showing that galaxies recede from each other in proportion to their distance.
Globe and Heat Lamp Seasons Model	★★★	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, The Atmosphere, Weather and Climate	A globe, heat lamp, and infrared thermometer are used to demonstrate how the tilt of the Earth’s axis causes the seasons. Students measure and compare temperature changes in different hemispheres to model seasonal variation.
Gravity Visualized	★☆☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, Force, Motion, Science Shows	Stretching fabric over a frame to create a “spacetime” surface lets students see how mass curves space and guides motion. By placing heavy and light objects on the fabric and rolling marbles, the class can model orbits, accretion, tides, and even visualize gravitational waves.
Impact Craters	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, Soil and Erosion	Projectiles are dropped into a tray of powder to observe crater size, shape, and ejection patterns.
Inverse Square Law With Balloon	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, Light	Students use an inflating balloon to model how light spreads out as distance from the source increases. By measuring how a square drawn on the balloon stretches with inflation, they visualize the inverse square law, which explains why spacecraft need larger solar panels when farther from the Sun.
Measure the Earth	★★☆	★★☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, Measurement and Units	Using a stick, a measuring tape, and basic geometry, students can replicate Eratosthenes’ ancient experiment to measure the size of the Earth. By measuring the length of a stick’s shadow during the equinox, they calculate Earth’s circumference with surprising accuracy.
Modeling the Difference Between Rotation and Revolution	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space	This activity helps students distinguish between rotation and revolution using models, body movement activities
Modeling Solar and Lunar Eclipses	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space	Students build a physical model of the Sun-Earth-Moon system to demonstrate how solar and lunar eclipses occur. Using a torch, a styrofoam ball, and a foil-covered Moon model, they explore the alignment needed for eclipses and understand why only certain locations on Earth experience them.
Phases of the Moon	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space	Students model the phases of the Moon using a lamp, a styrofoam ball, and movement to simulate Earth, the Sun, and the Moon. This activity helps explain why the Moon’s appearance changes over the month and allows students to observe the lunar cycle themselves.
Scale Model of the Solar System	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Astronomy and Space, Measurement and Units	Students calculate and build a scale model of the solar system using beads, string, chalk, or yard markers to represent planet distances, sizes, or both. The activity demonstrates the vast differences in planetary distances and diameters, helping students grasp the scale of our solar system.
Acid In The Eye	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Acids and Bases	This demonstration shows how strong acids and bases irreversibly damage proteins using egg whites as a model for the human eye. When acid is dropped on egg white, it denatures the proteins, turning them opaque and simulating permanent eye damage.
Ammonia and Hydrogen Chloride Diffusion	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Acids and Bases, Gases, Particles and States of Matter	Cotton wool soaked with aqueous ammonia is placed at one end of a glass tube and cotton wool soaked with concentrated hydrochloric acid at the other. As the vapors diffuse toward each other, they form a visible white ring of ammonium chloride closer to the HCl end, showing that ammonia diffuses faster due to its lower molar mass.
Ammonia Fountain	★★★	★★★	★★★	Acids and Bases, Gases, Water and Solubility, Pressure and Fluids	Dry ammonia gas is collected in a sealed flask. When a small amount of water is injected, the ammonia rapidly dissolves, creating a partial vacuum that pulls water up into the flask. An indicator shows the resulting alkaline solution.
Bubbling Slime	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Acids and Bases, Polymers, Special Occasions	This experiment combines vinegar, xanthan gum, and baking soda to make bubbling slime. The vinegar and baking soda undergo an endothermic chemical reaction, releasing carbon dioxide gas that bubbles through the gooey slime.
Burning Sulfur to Simulate Acid Rain	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Acids and Bases, Pollution and Conservation	Sulfur is burned in air to form sulfur dioxide gas, which dissolves in water. The dissolved gas produces sulfurous acid, lowering the pH and turning universal indicator solution red to simulate acid rain.
[New Demonstration]	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Acids and Bases, Colour Changes	A disappearing ink solution is created using the acid-base indicator thymolphthalein. It appears dark blue when basic, but fades to colorless as carbon dioxide from the air lowers the pH. The fading can be sped up with vinegar or slowed down with additional base.
Dry Ice pH Colour Change	★★★	★★☆	★★☆	Acids and Bases, Colour Changes, Dry Ice	Adding dry ice to a beaker of water with universal indicator creates bubbling fog and a color change. As carbon dioxide dissolves into the water, the solution becomes acidic and shifts from green through the color spectrum to orange. Adding base resets the cycle.
Mass of Air	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Acids and Bases, Pressure and Fluids, The Atmosphere	Two balloons are balanced on a yardstick, and when one balloon is filled with air, it tips the balance, proving that air molecules have mass and are pulled down by gravity. A balloon can also be weighed empty and full on a precise scale.
Milk of Magnesia Changing Colors	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Acids and Bases, Chemical Reactions, Colour Changes	Milk of magnesia, a suspension of magnesium hydroxide, is mixed with a universal indicator to show its alkaline nature. When vinegar is added, the solution rapidly shifts through the color spectrum as the acid reacts with the base, demonstrating how antacids neutralize stomach acid.
Naked Egg (Bouncy Egg)	★☆☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Acids and Bases, Chemical Reactions, Food Science and Nutrition	When an egg is placed in vinegar, the acid reacts with the calcium carbonate of the eggshell, producing carbon dioxide bubbles and dissolving the shell. What remains is a soft, rubbery membrane that can stretch and even bounce.
Neutralization of Acid and Base	★★☆	★★☆	★★☆	Acids and Bases	This demonstration shows the neutralization reaction between sodium hydroxide and dilute hydrochloric acid. The acid is added drop by drop to the base while monitoring the change in pH with red litmus paper until the solution reaches neutrality.
Ocean Acidification	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Acids and Bases, Global Systems, Pollution and Conservation	By blowing air through water containing a pH indicator, students can observe how dissolved carbon dioxide lowers the pH of water, demonstrating the process of ocean acidification.
pH Indicator Easter Eggs	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Acids and Bases, Special Occasions	Eggs are dyed with red cabbage extract, which contains the natural pH indicator anthocyanin. Applying acidic or basic solutions changes the color of the dye, allowing designs, messages, or patterns to be revealed on the eggs.
Universal pH Test Paper	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Acids and Bases	Universal pH test paper provides a quick way to estimate whether a solution is acidic, neutral, or basic. By dipping strips into common household solutions, students can learn how different substances fall along the pH scale.
Red Cabbage Indicator	★☆☆	★★☆	★★☆	Acids and Bases	Red cabbage contains a pigment called anthocyanin that changes color depending on whether a substance is an acid, base, or neutral. By extracting this pigment, you can test common household liquids to see where they fall on the acid-base scale.
Red Cabbage Rainbow pH Indicator	★☆☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Acids and Bases, Kitchen Chemistry	Boiled red cabbage produces a purple solution containing anthocyanin, a natural pigment that changes color when exposed to acids or bases. Students can use this homemade pH indicator to test household substances and create a rainbow of colors across the pH scale.
Testing pH Indicators	★★☆	★☆☆	★★☆	Acids and Bases	This experiment investigates how different pH indicators change color across the acidic, neutral, and basic ranges.
Water Into Wine	★★☆	★☆☆	★☆☆	Acids and Bases, Chemical Reactions, Science Shows	This demonstration uses the pH indicator phenolphthalein and sodium carbonate to make water appear to turn into wine or blood. The liquid changes from colorless to pink or red under basic conditions, and can be reversed to clear again by adding acid or blowing carbon dioxide into the solution.
Water to Wine to Milk to Beer	★★☆	★★☆	★★★	Acids and Bases, Chemical Reactions, Colour Changes, Science Shows	This dramatic chemistry demonstration makes a liquid appear to transform into water, wine, milk, and beer as it is poured from one glass to another. The sequence involves pH indicators, precipitate formation, and gas release, illustrating multiple chemical concepts in a visually striking way.

Materials
★☆☆ Easy to get from supermarket or hardware store
★★☆ Available in most school laboratories or specialist stores
★★★ Requires materials not commonly found in school laboratories

Difficulty
★☆☆ Can be easily done by most teenagers
★★☆ Available in most school laboratories or specialist stores
★★★ Requires a more experienced teacher

Safety
★☆☆ Minimal safety procedures required
★★☆ Some safety precautions required to perform safely
★★★ Only to be attempted with adequate safety procedures and trained staff