demonstrations:liquid_nitrogen_teapot

Liquid Nitrogen Teapot

Materials: ★★★ Requires materials not commonly found in school laboratories
Difficulty: ★★☆ Can be done by science teachers
Safety: ★★★ Only to be attempted with adequate safety procedures and trained staff

Categories: Liquid Nitrogen

Alternative titles: Liquid Nitrogen Tea Kettle, Cryogenic Whistling Kettle

Summary

A whistling-style teapot filled with liquid nitrogen begins to boil vigorously, producing a dramatic fog and whistle sound even in a cold environment such as a freezer.

Procedure

  1. Obtain a whistling-style metal teapot (the type that whistles when steam escapes).
  2. Place the teapot in a safe, open, and well-ventilated area.
  3. Using insulated gloves and a cryogenic-safe container, carefully pour liquid nitrogen into the teapot.
  4. Step back and observe as the liquid nitrogen rapidly boils, releasing cold vapor.
  5. The escaping nitrogen gas will pass through the whistle, creating a sound effect.

Liquid Nitrogen and the Tea Kettle Mystery - Jefferson Lab:


Screaming Teapot - UTA Science Ambassadors:


Variations

  • Use different containers with whistles or openings to produce varied sound effects.
  • Shine a flashlight or laser pointer through the nitrogen fog for a dramatic effect in shows.

Safety Precautions

  • Safety glasses required.
  • Wear cryogenic gloves when handling liquid nitrogen.
  • Use the demonstration only in a well-ventilated space to prevent oxygen displacement.
  • Never seal the teapot or cover the spout - pressure buildup could cause an explosion.
  • Keep a safe distance after pouring to avoid splashes and frostbite.
  • Do not attempt to drink from or use the teapot for food afterward.

Questions to Consider

  • Why does liquid nitrogen boil at room temperature but water does not?
  • Why does the teapot whistle when nitrogen gas escapes?
  • What does this experiment demonstrate about phase changes and boiling points?
  • Why does liquid nitrogen still boil even inside a freezer?
  • What safety hazards would occur if the teapot were sealed?