Chlorine gas, a pale greenish-yellow substance, can be produced by reacting potassium permanganate with concentrated hydrochloric acid.

1. Place a small quantity of potassium permanganate crystals into a flask.
2. Add concentrated hydrochloric acid drop by drop onto the crystals.
3. Collect the chlorine gas by upward displacement of air (chlorine is denser than air) inside a fume hood.
4. Observe the characteristic pale green-yellow color of chlorine gas.

Make Chlorine Gas (fixed) - NurdRage:

Preparation of chlorine - Hegelrast:

📄 How to Make Chlorine Gas - Science Notes: https://sciencenotes.org/make-chlorine-gas/

• Compare this method with chlorine production from the electrolysis of brine.
• Test chlorine’s bleaching properties using damp litmus paper (it is bleached and turns white).

• Chlorine gas is toxic — conduct only in a fume hood.
• Wear chemical splash goggles, gloves, and a lab coat.
• Concentrated hydrochloric acid is highly corrosive — handle with extreme care.
• Do not inhale chlorine; exposure may cause severe respiratory harm.
• Dispose of residues safely following institutional guidelines.

• What is the balanced chemical equation for this reaction? (6HCl + 2KMnO₄ → 3Cl₂ + 2MnO₂ + 4H₂O + 2K⁺)
• Why is chlorine collected by upward displacement of air? (It is denser than air.)
• What are some uses of chlorine gas? (Water disinfection, bleach production, PVC plastics.)
• Why is chlorine considered dangerous to work with? (It is toxic, corrosive, and can cause lung damage.)
• How does this reaction demonstrate both oxidation and reduction? (Mn is reduced from +7 to +4, Cl⁻ is oxidized to Cl₂.)