Leaf Classification

In this activity, students collect and classify leaves based on observable characteristics such as shape, size, color, edge type, and vein patterns. By sorting and grouping leaves, students learn how scientists use classification to organize living things and recognize diversity among plant species.

1. Take a nature walk around your school, garden, or local park to collect a variety of leaves from different trees and bushes.
2. Bring the collected leaves back to your workspace and lay them out flat on a clean surface.
3. Record observations for each leaf, noting details such as color, size, shape, edge (smooth, toothed, jagged), and vein pattern (parallel, branched, net-like).
4. Sort the leaves into groups based on one attribute at a time:
   • By size: small, medium, large
   • By shape: oval, heart-shaped, needle-like, lobed
   • By edge: smooth, toothed, wavy
   • By color: shades of green, red, yellow, brown
   • By vein structure: parallel, pinnate, or palmate patterns
5. Once sorted, discuss how and why each group was formed and what traits were used.
6. Create leaf rubbings by placing a leaf under a sheet of paper and gently rubbing a crayon or pencil over it to show its texture and vein pattern.
7. Optional: Glue the leaves or rubbings into a “Leaf Journal” or make a display chart showing classification criteria.

Sorting Leaves by Attributes Activity - Elementary STEM with Ms. Crosman:

📄 Leaf Lab: Classifying Type, Shape, and Structure - STEM Spark: https://www.stem-spark.com/activities/leaf-lab-classification

📄 Leaf Classification - National Park Service: https://www.nps.gov/cong/learn/education/upload/Leaf-Classification-Lesson-Plan_508.pdf

• Introduce scientific classification terms like “deciduous” and “coniferous.”
• Use printed leaf identification cards or field guides to identify tree species.
• Include measurements (length, width) and make graphs comparing leaf sizes.
• Use digital photos to create an online classification gallery.

• Do not collect leaves from poisonous plants.
• Wash hands after collecting and handling leaves.
• Use blunt scissors or safety cutters if trimming leaves.
• Ensure students stay on designated paths and avoid climbing trees

• Which characteristics were most useful for grouping leaves? (Shape and edge type often show clear differences.)
• Did you notice any patterns among leaves from the same area or tree type?
• How does leaf structure relate to a plant’s environment? (For example, needle-shaped leaves conserve water in dry climates.)
• Why do scientists classify plants and animals? (To organize living things and better understand relationships between species.)
• What challenges did you face when classifying your leaves? (Some features overlap, showing the need for consistent criteria.)