======Rock Testing and Classification======


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**Safety: **{{$demo.safety_description}}\\
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**Alternative titles:** Rock Identification
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====Summary====                   
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====Procedure====  
  -Introduce the three main rock types (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) and the rock cycle.
  -Provide each group with a rock testing kit containing samples, tools, and data sheets.
  -Explain how to test for properties such as:
    * Hardness (scratch tests with steel nail, penny, glass, quartz)
    * Luster (shiny vs. dull surface reflection)
    * Streak (color of mineral powder on unglazed tile)
    * Texture (granular, smooth, porous)
    * Reactivity (vinegar or weak acid bubbling on carbonate rocks)
    * Magnetism (test with a magnet)
    * Density/buoyancy (float test for pumice)
  -Have students record their results in a Rock Test Data Table.
  -Use a flow chart or guide to help students classify each sample as sedimentary, igneous, or metamorphic.
  -Relate results to the engineering problem: selecting the best rock type for designing underground caverns.
  -Conclude with a class discussion on why knowing rock properties is essential for building and safety.




====Links==== 
Identifying Rocks and Minerals - Using Physical Properties for Identification - Miacademy & MiaPrep Learning Channel: 
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📄 Rocks, Rocks, Rocks: Test, Identify Properties & Classify - ncwit.org: [[https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_asteroid_lesson5_activity1_tg]]\\

====Variations====
  *Use local rocks collected by students and compare them to reference samples.
  *Have students research common rocks in their own region using a geology map.
  *Extend the activity by relating tested rocks to famous landmarks or building materials.



====Safety Precautions====
  *Wear safety goggles during scratch tests and acid tests.
  *Handle hydrochloric acid or vinegar with care; use only small amounts.
  *Wash hands after handling rock samples and testing chemicals.
  *Supervise closely when using steel nails, glass, or other sharp tools.




====Questions to Consider====
  *Why is hardness an important property when classifying rocks? (It helps identify minerals and suggests durability for construction.)
  *How does porosity affect whether a rock would make a good building material? (Porous rocks may allow water to seep in, weakening structures.)
  *Which rock type is most likely to form near a volcano? (Igneous.)
  *What processes turn sediment into sedimentary rock? (Deposition, compaction, and cementation.)
  *Why do engineers need to understand rock properties before building tunnels or caverns? (Safety, stability, and feasibility depend on rock type.)