======Performing a Titration======


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**Alternative titles:** Acid–Base Titration Demonstration
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====Summary====                   
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====Procedure====  
 - See instructions in the links below



====Links==== 
Setting up and Performing a Titration - Carolina Science: 
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📄 How to Perform a Titration - AACT: [[https://teachchemistry.org/classroom-resources/how-to-perform-a-titration]]\\


====Variations====
  * Compare indicators (phenolphthalein vs. bromothymol blue) for strong acid–strong base titrations.
  * Use a pH probe to create a titration curve and identify equivalence point without an indicator.
  * Explore weak acid–strong base (or weak base–strong acid) titrations and note the shifted equivalence pH.
  * Perform a back titration when the analyte reacts slowly or is insoluble.



====Safety Precautions====
  * Wear splash goggles, lab coat/apron, and gloves at all times.
  * When diluting, always add acid to water (never water to acid).
  * Clamp the burette securely; keep the area dry and uncluttered to prevent slips and spills.
  * If acid/base contacts skin, rinse immediately with water and notify the instructor.
  * Neutralize and dispose of acidic/basic waste per local regulations; never return chemicals to stock bottles.
  * Read burette volumes at eye level to avoid parallax; handle glassware carefully to prevent breakage.




====Questions to Consider====
  * Why do we choose different indicators for different titrations? (Each indicator changes color over a specific pH range; you select one whose transition range spans the expected equivalence pH.)
  * How is equivalence point different from endpoint? (Equivalence point is the stoichiometric point; endpoint is the observed signal - ideally they coincide but may differ slightly.)
  * Why add titrant dropwise near the endpoint? (Small additions prevent overshooting, improving accuracy.)
  * How does the balanced equation affect the calculation? (Polyprotic acids/bases require multiplying by the number of acidic hydrogens or hydroxides in the stoichiometry.)