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======Peppered Moth Simulation======


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**Materials: **{{$demo.materials_description}}\\
**Difficulty: **{{$demo.difficulty_description}}\\
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**Alternative titles:** Peppered Moth Natural Selection
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====Summary====                   
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====Procedure====  
Various online games simulate hunting light and dark moths on
contrasting backgrounds.  These model how environmental change can shift the
frequency of traits in a population over generations.


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====Links==== 
🕹️ Online game that includes graphs of populations - Ask a Biologist: [[https://askabiologist.asu.edu/games-sims/peppered-moths-game/play.html]]\\
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🕹️ A different online game that includes tracking of populations - University of Oxford Learning Zone: [[https://learningzone.oumnh.ox.ac.uk/peppered-moth-game]]\\
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🕹️ Gizmos game - requires signup: [[https://askabiologist.asu.edu/games-sims/peppered-moths-game/play.html]]\\
https://gizmos.explorelearning.com/find-gizmos/lesson-info?resourceId=447
Video showing how to use the Gizmos game - Ms Toepel: 
{{youtube>tN89Pz4Jo78?}}\\


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====Variations====



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====Safety Precautions====
  * Ensure any signing up to websites is done in compliance with school policies and procedures.


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====Questions to Consider====
  * Which phenotype had higher survival on each background, and why? (Better-camouflaged moths were less likely to be detected and removed.)
  * What does removing prey represent in nature, and what does replacing survivors represent? (Predation and reproduction.)
  * How would results change if predators had less time or impaired vision? (Selection would be weaker; differences between phenotypes might shrink.)
  * Does this simulation model evolution by natural selection? Which assumptions are simplified or missing? (Yes; it simplifies heredity, ignores genetic drift, and assumes equal reproduction among survivors.)


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