======Making Chlorine Gas======


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**Materials: **{{$demo.materials_description}}\\
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**Alternative titles:** Preparation of Chlorine from Permanganate
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====Summary====                   
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====Procedure====  
  - Place a small quantity of potassium permanganate crystals into a flask.  
  - Add concentrated hydrochloric acid drop by drop onto the crystals.  
  - Collect the chlorine gas by upward displacement of air (chlorine is denser than air) inside a fume hood.  
  - Observe the characteristic pale green-yellow color of chlorine gas.



====Links==== 
Make Chlorine Gas (fixed) - NurdRage: 
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Preparation of chlorine - Hegelrast: 
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📄 How to Make Chlorine Gas - Science Notes: [[https://sciencenotes.org/make-chlorine-gas/]]\\


====Variations====
  * Compare this method with chlorine production from the electrolysis of brine.  
  * Test chlorine’s bleaching properties using damp litmus paper (it is bleached and turns white).



====Safety Precautions====
  * Chlorine gas is toxic — conduct only in a fume hood.  
  * Wear chemical splash goggles, gloves, and a lab coat.  
  * Concentrated hydrochloric acid is highly corrosive — handle with extreme care.  
  * Do not inhale chlorine; exposure may cause severe respiratory harm.  
  * Dispose of residues safely following institutional guidelines.




====Questions to Consider====
  * What is the balanced chemical equation for this reaction? (6HCl + 2KMnO₄ → 3Cl₂ + 2MnO₂ + 4H₂O + 2K⁺)  
  * Why is chlorine collected by upward displacement of air? (It is denser than air.)  
  * What are some uses of chlorine gas? (Water disinfection, bleach production, PVC plastics.)  
  * Why is chlorine considered dangerous to work with? (It is toxic, corrosive, and can cause lung damage.)  
  * How does this reaction demonstrate both oxidation and reduction? (Mn is reduced from +7 to +4, Cl⁻ is oxidized to Cl₂.)