======Liquid Nitrogen Freezing Marshmallows======


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**Alternative titles:** Dragon’s Breath Marshmallows
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====Summary====                   
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====Procedure====  
  - Fill a large insulated bowl with liquid nitrogen.  
  - Place regular-size marshmallows into the bowl.  
  - Use a wooden spoon to push the marshmallows down and stir them so they freeze evenly.  
  - Once frozen, remove a marshmallow with tongs and serve to a volunteer.  
  - Instruct the volunteer to chew with their mouth slightly open and exhale gently.  
  - Observe the “dragon’s breath” fog effect as condensed vapor exits their mouth and nose.  




====Links==== 
Liquid Nitrogen Marshmallows Experiment - Crus Center: 
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📄 Liquid Nitrogen Marshmallows - Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations: [[https://sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/liquid-nitrogen-marshmallows]]\\


====Variations====
  * Try different foods (cheese puffs, crackers) to see how they behave when frozen.  
  * Compare the texture of frozen versus room-temperature marshmallows.  
  * Use colored lighting to make the fog effect more dramatic during a demonstration.  




====Safety Precautions====
  * Safety glasses required for the demonstrator.  
  * Wear cryogenic gloves when handling liquid nitrogen.  
  * Use only wooden or plastic utensils (metal gets dangerously cold).  
  * Never serve marshmallows until liquid nitrogen has fully evaporated.  
  * Ensure volunteers understand to chew slowly — swallowing liquid nitrogen is extremely dangerous.  
  * Only serve in supervised, controlled demonstration settings.  





====Questions to Consider====
  * Why does frozen marshmallow create visible fog when exhaled?  
  * What role does water vapor in breath play in this effect?  
  * How does liquid nitrogen change the texture of marshmallows?  
  * Why is it safe to eat the marshmallows only after the nitrogen evaporates?  
  * How is this effect similar to seeing your breath on a cold morning?