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======How Heat Sings======


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**Materials: **{{$demo.materials_description}}\\
**Difficulty: **{{$demo.difficulty_description}}\\
**Safety: **{{$demo.safety_description}}\\
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**Categories:** {{$demo.categories}}
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**Alternative titles:** A Hot Tone

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====Summary====                   
{{$demo.summary}}


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====Procedure====  
  - Light a propane torch and set it to its hottest setting.  
  - Position the flame so that it points horizontally.  
  - Lower a PVC pipe vertically over the flame, adjusting its height until a resonant tone is heard.


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====Links==== 
How Heat Sings (Thermoacoustic Resonance) - Walter Lewin: 
{{youtube>gPx8-07AAhY?}}\\
📄 A Hot Tone - Lucas Owens (Page 11 - A Hot Tone): [[https://www.unco.edu/nhs/science/pdf/demos/2013_LongsPeak.pdf]]\\


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====Variations====
  * Use pipes of varying diameters to observe changes in resonance.



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====Safety Precautions====
  * Always wear heat-resistant gloves and safety glasses when working with open flames.  
  * Keep flammable materials away from the flame.  
  * Hold the torch securely and never point it toward yourself or others.  
  * Ensure the work area is well-ventilated to avoid buildup of combustion gases.  
  * Allow pipes to cool before handling after use.


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====Questions to Consider====
  * Why does heated air create a standing wave in the tube?  
  * How does the length of the tube affect the frequency of the sound produced?


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/* Complete information in the Demonstration Info box below, following instructions exactly. */