======Gravity Filtration======


<WRAP right box>
**Materials: **{{$demo.materials_description}}\\
**Difficulty: **{{$demo.difficulty_description}}\\
**Safety: **{{$demo.safety_description}}\\
\\
**Categories:** {{$demo.categories}}
\\


**Alternative titles:** 
</WRAP>

====Summary====                   
{{$demo.summary}}



====Procedure====  
  - Set up a ring stand with a ring clamp and place a funnel over a receiving flask. Use a clay triangle if needed to support the funnel.  
  - Position the flask so its neck touches the funnel tip to reduce splashing.  
  - Insert filter paper into the funnel. Use fluted filter paper by unfolding it so the folds touch the funnel, or prepare a flat disc by folding it twice with a slight angle and tearing a small corner to help it fit smoothly.  
  - Wet the filter paper with deionized water so it adheres to the funnel walls.  
  - Pour the liquid mixture down a glass rod into the funnel, ensuring the rod touches the funnel wall to prevent splashing. Keep the funnel filled to about two-thirds.  
  - Continue pouring before the funnel empties, rinsing any residue from the glass rod into the funnel.  
  - Transfer any remaining solid with a rubber policeman or a wash bottle to ensure complete collection.  
  - Rinse the solid on the filter paper with small amounts of water, letting it drain between washes.  
  - Once filtration is complete, carefully remove the filter paper. The solid left behind is the residue, while the clear liquid collected is the filtrate.



====Links==== 
Demonstration of Filtration - Rugby School Chemistry: 
{{youtube>cQT9U-EJU4o?}}\\

📄 Filtration by Gravity - Valencia College: [[https://science.valenciacollege.edu/chemistry/techniques/tech16-filtrationgravity.pdf]]\\


====Variations====
  * Use vacuum (Büchner) filtration for faster separation when fine particles or large volumes are involved.  
  * Test different types of filter paper (fluted, plain, or pre-weighed) depending on the experiment’s requirements.



====Safety Precautions====
  * Wear safety goggles and a lab coat to protect from splashes.  
  * Handle glassware carefully to avoid breakage and cuts.  
  * Use caution with the wash bottle to prevent over-spraying liquids.  
  * Dispose of residue and filtrate according to laboratory waste guidelines.




====Questions to Consider====
  * Why is it important to wet the filter paper before filtering? (It seals the paper against the funnel, preventing solids from bypassing the filter.)  
  * What is the difference between residue and filtrate? (Residue is the solid left on the filter paper; filtrate is the liquid that passes through.)  
  * Why should the tip of the glass rod touch the funnel wall while pouring? (It prevents splashing and loss of material.)  
  * How does fluted filter paper improve the filtration process? (It increases surface area and allows liquid to pass more quickly.)