======Ammonia Fountain======


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**Difficulty: **{{$demo.difficulty_description}}\\
**Safety: **{{$demo.safety_description}}\\
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**Alternative titles:** [ ***** ]
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====Summary====                   
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====Procedure====  
  - Generate [[demonstrations:production_of_ammonia_gas|ammonia]] gas by gently heating a mixture of ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide in a test tube.  
  - Pass the ammonia through a drying tube to remove moisture.  
  - Collect the dry ammonia in a sealed, dry flask kept warm until use.  
  - Set up the flask inverted in a water trough with a jet tube connected.  
  - Add phenolphthalein indicator to the water in the trough.  
  - Inject a small amount of water into the flask using a syringe.  
  - Observe as the ammonia dissolves in the water, lowering pressure inside the flask.  
  - Watch the water rush into the flask, creating a “fountain” effect and turning pink from the alkaline solution.



====Links==== 
Ammonia Fountain - North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics: 
{{youtube>gMqRxbv_IW8?}}\\

The Ammonia Fountain - Super Cool Science - Explained - Jon Bergmann: 
{{youtube>PDTUvKKtmHg?}}\\

📄 Ammonia fountain - Dynamic Science: [[https://www.dynamicscience.com.au/tester/solutions1/chemistry/chemicaldemos/ammonia.html]]\\



====Variations====
  * Use different indicators (e.g., universal indicator) to show color changes.




====Safety Precautions====
  * Eye protection required.  
  * Perform the experiment in a fume cupboard due to toxic ammonia gas.  
  * Handle hot glassware and chemicals with care.  
  * Ensure the collection flask is completely dry before use, as moisture reduces effectiveness.  
  * Clamp apparatus securely to prevent tipping.  
  * Do not inhale ammonia gas; ensure good ventilation.




====Questions to Consider====
  * Why does the water rush into the flask so quickly?  
  * How does the solubility of ammonia in water compare with other gases?  
  * What role does the indicator play in this experiment?  
  * What chemical species are present in the solution after ammonia dissolves?  
  * How would the demonstration change if the flask contained air instead of ammonia?